MedSurg 1 Final Flashcards
Get 100% on test (133 cards)
1
Q
What is the best way to prevent spread of infection
A
wash hands
2
Q
What type of precaution standards would be followed for a patient with TB in lungs
A
Airborne
3
Q
How would the nurse protect herself if someone had TB
A
N-95 mask, gloves, gown
4
Q
What type of precautions are followed for a person with C-Diff?
A
Contact precautions
5
Q
How would the nurse protect herself from C-diff
A
gloves, gown
6
Q
What are standard precautions and when should they be used
A
hand washing, gloves, gown, mask,
Use all the time
7
Q
What is normal WBC
A
5,000-10,000
8
Q
If WBC’s are high it is called
A
leukocytosis
9
Q
The cause of hypovolemic shock
A
sudden blood or fluid loss
10
Q
The cause of cardiogenic shock
A
heart fails as a pump- heart attack
11
Q
The cause of Obstructive shock
A
pressure on chest-obstruction in heart
12
Q
The cause of Distributive shock
A
Allergy, Infection, severe CNS damage
13
Q
What type of distributive shock is from an infection
A
septic
14
Q
What type of distributive shock is from an antigen/antibody reaction
A
Anaphylactic
15
Q
Which adrenergic medication would be given for anaphylactic shock
A
epinephrine
16
Q
What are symptoms of each type of shock
A
low BP, tachycardia, shallow breathing
17
Q
What is a key symptom in all forms of shock
A
low BP
18
Q
What type of shock can result from a hemorrhage
A
Hypovolemic
19
Q
What blood type is considered the universal donor
A
O negative
20
Q
What is parkinson’s disease
A
disorder of central nervous system that makes people shake their hands when doing things
21
Q
What is the main concern for a patient with parkinsons
A
falling
22
Q
What are some precautions when a patient will be receiving dye for tests
A
allergies to shellfish and iodine
23
Q
What is the rhomberg test
A
tests for balance
24
Q
How should the nurse take care of a patient experiencing a seizure
A
safety
don’t restrain
turn on side
25
What are signs of increased ICP
```
headache, confusion, N/V
cushings triad(widening pulse pressure, hypertension, irregular respirations
```
26
What is the first sign of increased ICP
decreased LOC
27
What osmotic diuretic is commonly given to decrease ICP
mannitol
28
What are common side effects of anticholinergic medications
dry mouth, blurred vision, hallucinations, increased pulse, increased BP
29
How long after a stroke can thrombolytics be given
3 hours
30
What is the effect of heparin
blood thinner
31
what is the antidote for heparin
protamine sulfate
32
What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism
fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, low BP
33
What medication is commonly given for hypothyroidism
Levothyroxine
34
when should levothyroxine be given
on an empty stomach so it absorbs
35
What are common symptoms of diabetes mellitus
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
36
What is acromegaly and what are the symptoms
giant as an adult
| symptoms: large hand and feet, big face
37
What are precautions and side effects of taking corticosteroids
don't withdraw
| fat on back, increased blood sugar, cataracts, increased risk of infection
38
What are symptoms of hypoparathyroidism
tetany, chovsteks, trosseu
39
What medication should be given for hypoparathyroidism
calcium gluconate
40
What is the onset of Novolog
15 minutes
41
what is the onset of Novolin R
30 min
42
What is the onset of Novolin N
1.5 hr
43
what is the onset of Lantus
1 hr
44
Where is insulin made
beta cells in the pancrease
45
what is the preferred site of an insulin injection
stomach
46
what is pitting edema
can push it in
47
Where is the PMI
mid clavicular, 5th intercostal space
48
What is the pathway of electrical conduction through the heart
SA node-AV node-Bundle of His-R/L Bundle Branches-Purkenje fibers
49
What lung sounds are indicative of left sided heart failure
crackles
50
what is a vagal reaction and what can cause it
fainting
| bearing down or gagging
51
Know the pathway of blood through the heart
vena cava-right atrium-tricuspid valve-right ventricle-pulmonary valve-pulmonary artery-lungs-pulmonary vein-left atrium-mitral valve-left ventricle-aortic valve-aorta
52
What blood test is used to monitor clotting times when a patient is on warfarin
PT and INR
53
What is prehypertension
120-139/80-89
54
what is hypertension 1
140-159/90-99
55
what is hypertension 2
greater than 160/greater than 100
56
what would the nurse teach a patient on anti-hypertensives dealing with postural hypotension
stand up slowly
57
What are complications of untreated hypertension
stroke, heart attack, kidney failure, circulation problems, blind
58
What type of diet should a hypertensive patient follow
low salt
59
When giving thiazide or loop diuretics, what electrolyte loss is of greatest concern
potassium
60
a patient has a history of rheumatic fever or valve replacement, what should he take prior to any dental or invasive procedure
prophylactic antibiotic
61
what is cardiomyopathy
disease of heart muscle
62
what are symptoms of pericarditis
intense pain-when you sit up and lean forward, it gets better
63
what is aortic stenosis
narrowing and hardening of aortic valve
64
aortic regurgitation
aortic valve doesn't close all the way which causes backflow
65
mitral stenosis
narrowing and hardening of mitral valve
66
mitral regurgitation
mitral valve doesn't close all the way which causes backflow
67
mitral valve prolapse
mitral valve prolapses into the left ventricle
68
if a patient is taking a 'statin' medication, what food should he or she avoid
grapefruit or grapefruit juice
69
nitroglycerine is contraindicated if a patient has taken what medication within the last 48 days
erectile dysfunction meds
70
what are side effects of nitroglycerin tablems
hypotension, painful headache
71
what is the desired INR level of a patient on warfarin
2-3
72
what would you do if the INR is high
hold med and call the doctor
73
what would be done if the INR is low
give a higher dose or another blood thinner
74
why is a dysrhythmia a problem
heart doesn't pump effectively
75
what is the difference between a positive inotropic drug and a positive chronotropic drug
positive inotropic drug-affects the force of contractions
| positive chronotropic drug-affects the heart rate
76
what do the p waves look like in atrial flutter
sawtooth
77
what is sinus tachycardia
pulse greater than 100
78
what is sinus bradycardia
pulse less than 60
79
atrial fibrillation
quivering, irregular heart beat
80
ventricular tachycardia
ventricles beat very fast
81
ventricular fibrillation
ventricles quiver and hear beats irregularly
82
After assessing the patient, the nurse finds that the bradycardia the patient is experience is symptomatic, what medication is typically given for symptomatic bradycardia
Atropine
83
When is the best time of day for diuretics to be given
morning
84
What step should be taken before administering Digoxin
Apical pulse
85
What should you do if the apical pulse is below normal
hold meds-call doctor
86
What is the best way to determine fluid loss/gain
daily weight
87
What is the primary goal in treating CHF
to reduce the workload of the heart
88
What are symptoms of right sided heart failure
edema, jugular vein distention, ascities
89
What are symptoms of left sided heart failure
pink, frothy sputum, pulmonary edema, fatigue, crackles
90
What are normal sodium levels
135-145
91
What are normal potassium levels
3.5-5
92
What blood test is indicative of heart failure
brain natriuretic peptide
93
What heart sound is indicative of heart failure
S3 - kentucky
94
What should the nurse do if she walks into a room and finds the patient unresponsive and the monitor shows asystole
start CPR - call for help
95
If a patient shows signs of having a blood transfusion reaction, what is the first step the nurse should take
stop the blood transfusion
96
What in the patient's history could indicate a possible B12 deficiency
vegetarian
| gastric bypass
97
a low erythrocyte count indicates
anemia
98
a high leukocyte count indicates
infection
99
a low thrombocyte count can cause increased
bleeding
100
a high thrombocyte count can cause increased
clotting
101
what is the suffix for too many cells
-osis
102
what is the suffix for too few cells
-penia
103
What is pernicious anemia
anemia caused by low B12
104
What is iron deficiency anemia
anemia caused by lack of iron
105
How should the IM iron injection be given
z-track
106
how should oral liquid iron be given
use a straw with orange juice
107
what are side effects of iron administration
black stool
stained teeth
constipation
108
what is idiopathic thromboyctopenia purpura
don't have platelets
109
what are symptoms of idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
petichiae, bleeding everywhere
110
What is sickle cell disease
RBC's sickle and harden
111
which ethnicity would most likely be affected
African Americans
112
what is the main concern with patients in sickle cell crisis
pain
113
what is the difference between hodgkin's and non-hodgkin's lymphoma
Hodgkin's has reed sternberg cells
114
what is the main concern for a patient with leukemia
infection
115
what is multiple myeloma and what area of the body would you see the first symptoms
cancer of plasma
| bone marrow
116
Name the pathway of airflow through the respiratory system
nose - nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngeopharynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli
117
What are symptoms of asthma
chest pain, cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing
118
what is tidal volume
what you breathe in and out
119
what is vital capacity
all you can breathe in and all you can breathe out
120
what is residual air
amount of air left in lungs after exhaling
121
what is the biggest risk factor for lung disease
smoking
122
what class of medication is used for allergic reactions
antihistamines
123
what class of med is used to decrease coughing
antitussive
124
what class of med is used to assist in clearing secretions
expectorants
125
what can happen if decongestant nasal spray is used for more than 3 days
can cause rebound congestion
126
what class of med is used for bacterial pharyngitis
antibiotics
127
what is the medical term for a nosebleed
epistaxis
128
what are symptoms of laryngeal cancer
hoarseness for longer than 2 weeks
129
How is TB transmitted
airborne
130
what indicates a positive TB test
hard bump( induration)
131
what are symptoms of pulmonary embolism
respiratory distress, chest pain, sputum
132
what is a common side effect of bronchodilator administration (albuterol)
increased heart rate
133
what are symptoms of chronic bronchitis
shortness of breath, coughing, blue bloater
