medsurg

Question 1

what scoring system associated with chronic liver failure / cirrhosis

Answer 1

1. Child-Pugh score
   - CHILD’s ABCDEs: Albumin, Bilirubin, Coagulation (i.e., ↑ INR), Distended abdomen (i.e., ascites), and Encephalopathy
2. MELD score (Model for End-stage Liver Disease)

Question 2

what is the most common cause of dementia

Answer 2

alzheimer’s disease

Question 3

what is alzheimer’s disease

Answer 3

the most common cause of dementia, caused by the accumulation of tau and amyloid in the brain

Question 4

what are the symptoms at end of life

Answer 4

1. N&V
2. Dyspnea
3. Pain
4. Noisy respiratory secretions
5. Anxiety, delirium and agitation

Question 5

2 main signs for liver failure

Answer 5

only really 2 signs of liver failure
1. ASCITES (if there is a case it WILL be tested for final med exams)
2. Hepatic encephalopathy

Question 6

non-hepatic causes of ascites

Answer 6

1. malignancy
2. TB
3. CCF

Question 7

what is TIPSS

Answer 7

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt

shunting between portal vein and hepatic vein via a stent, reducing portal pressure and bypassing the cirrhotic liver, suppresses the RAAS and SNS activation, hence increased CO and renal blood flow, improving sodium excretion, GFR and renal response to diuretics

Question 8

is HCC the most common malignancy of hte liver

Answer 8

no, metastases is the commonest malignnt tumour, HCC is the commonest primary