Membranes Flashcards
(29 cards)
Hypertonic
greater concentration of solute (low water)
animal cell = shriveled
plant cell = shriveled (cell membrane comes off cell wall)
Hypotonic
lower concentration of solute (high water)
animal cell = lysed (explodes)
plant cell = turgid (over full plants favorite)
Isotonic
same concentration water to solute
animal cell = normal
plant cell = flaccid (not enough inner pressure)
Why didn’t starch, glucose, and albumin move in lab?
they are all macromolecules and too big to move through the membrane
Integral Proteins
AKA transmembrane proteins
goes all the way through the membrane
Water is ___tonic.
isotonic
Active Transport Directions
uniport- one item, one direction
symport- two items, same direction
antiport- two items, opposite direction
Permeability
the degree to which substances can pass through a cells membrane
2 Types Active Transport
- protein pumps
2. vesicles
Vesicles
endocytosis- into cell
exocytosis- out of cell
Solvent
majority
Down in Concentration Gradient
high —–> low
no energy required
Passive Transport
- movement down the concentration gradient
- no energy
Solute
minority
Solution
everything: the salute dissolved the solvent
Tonicity
- determines direction of osmosis
- low tonicity = high water, low solute
- high tonicity = low water, high solute
Protein Types
integral
peripheral
Simple Diffusion
- high —-> low
- small, uncharged particles
- food color in H2O
Facilitated Diffusion
- high —–> low WITH the help of special transport proteins
- large and charged molecules
- glucose
Opposite!
LOW tonicity HIGH water
HIGH tonicity LOW water
2 Functions of Cell Membrane
- maintain internal environment
2. regulate movement of molecules into and out of the cell
Osmosis
water goes from hight to low
3 Types of Passive Transport
- simple
- facilitated
- osmosis
Active Transport
- movement up the concentration gradient
- require energy
