Membranes II

Question 1

higher[ NA] inside or outside

Answer 1

outside

Question 2

higher [K] inside or outside

Answer 2

inside

Question 3

permeability of the plasma membrane for hydrophobic molecules

Answer 3

very permeable

Question 4

example of Uniport Transport and facilitated Diffusion

Answer 4

glucose permease channel

Question 5

uniport transport

Answer 5

only one molecule is being transported

Question 6

higher [Glucose] inside or outside

Answer 6

outside

Question 7

coupled transport

Answer 7

two ions/molecules are being transported

Question 8

Symport coupled transport

Answer 8

both molecules going in the same direction

Question 9

Antiport coupled transport

Answer 9

molecules are going on the opposite direction

Question 10

Band 3 anion exchanger

Answer 10

antiporter

Question 11

NA-Glucose trnsport

Answer 11

symport

Question 12

Na/K ATPase

Answer 12

ATP is used to transport 2 potassium inside and 3 sodium outside

Question 13

why use te Na/K ATPase?

Answer 13

because the electrochemical gradient for sodium and potassium is high for potassium inside and high outside for sodium. it is going against the elctrochemical gradient

Question 14

ABC superfamily

Answer 14

ATP binding intercept transporter

Question 15

CF transmembrane regulator defective

Answer 15

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 16

ABC transporters (3)

Answer 16

(1) CF transmembrane regulator
(2) sulfonylurea receptor
(3) P-glycoprotein. MDR complex

Question 17

enlarged orange tonsils

Answer 17

tangier disease

Question 18

rare genetic disorder characterized by severe HDL deficiency in plasma

Answer 18

Tangier

Question 19

Hallmark of ___________ disease is accumulation of cholesteryl ester (CE) in various tissues leading to severe cardiovascular disease

Answer 19

Tangier

Question 20

what is the mutation in tangier disease

Answer 20

the ATP-Binding Cassette 1, mutation in the transporter that does not allow cholesterol to be pumped out

Question 21

With no cholesterol to pick up in ______ _____, the _____ is cleared from the plasma and ends up in various tissues

Answer 21

tangier disease

HDL

Question 22

HDL also carries _____ in addition to cholesterol

Answer 22

Beta carantine

Question 23

lower the HDL, the ___________ incidence of heart disease

Answer 23

higher

Question 24

most common lipid disorder in patients with heart disease

Answer 24

HDL deficiency

Question 25

three mechanisms of macromolecular transport

Answer 25

(1) pinocytosis (2) receptor-mediated endocytosis (3) phagocytosis

Question 26

virus or smaller it goes into the cell via

Answer 26

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 27

aneupluoidy

Answer 27

more likely to become cancerous

Question 28

mesothelioma

Answer 28

asbestos

Question 29

Actin-mediated process

Answer 29

phagocytosis

Question 30

phagocytosis diseases (7)

Answer 30

(1) Legionnaire's (2) Streptococcus (3) tuberculosis (4) leprosy (5) leishmaniasis (6) toxoplasmosis/ coccidiosis (7) listeriosis

Question 31

Myobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 31

infiltration in the upper lobes of the lungs

Question 32

if it's a bacteria or bigger it gets into the cell via

Answer 32

phagocytosis

Question 33

if it is a virus like HIV or measles it get into cells by

Answer 33

fusing with the PM

Question 34

involved in concentrating ligan-receptor complexes into specialized regions of the membrane calles ______-coated pits

Answer 34

clathrin for both

Question 35

______ ____ are often used to ferry the ligan-receptor complexes to the coated pits

Answer 35

lipid rafts

Question 36

The clathrin pits ______ and then pinch off to become _______ vesicles (also called ______), which rapidly lose their clathrin coats to allow fusion of the ______ with sorting vesicles and _______.

Answer 36

The clathrin pits invaginate and then pinch off to become endocytic vesicles (also called endosomes), which rapidly lose their clathrin coats to allow fusion of the endosomes with sorting vesicles and lysosomes

Question 37

receptor mediated endocytosis examples

Answer 37

familial hypercholesterolemia, rabies and influenza

Question 38

examples of phagocytosis

Answer 38

tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, legionnaires disease, streptococcus, listeria, toxoplasmosis/coccidiosis

Question 39

many viruses use _____ to get inside cell, then fuse with the _____ to effect release of the viral genome into the cell

Answer 39

many viruses use RME and then fuse the endosome

Question 40

_______ becomes activated in the membrane of endocytic vesicles, thus ______ the pH of the vesicle interior

Answer 40

H+-ATPase lowering PH

Question 41

Why is lower PH important for vesicle interior?

Answer 41

it facilitates fusion of the endocytic vesicle with the sorting vesicle and eventually with the lyosome

Question 42

low PH also allows

Answer 42

for dissociation of many receptor-ligan complexes

Question 43

an actin based process

Answer 43

phagocytosis

Question 44

____ receptors on the plasma membrane recognize ____ molecules attached to the particle to be ingested via phagocytosis

Answer 44

FC receptors recognize IgG molecules

Question 45

plasma membrane of a phagosome _______ to engulf the particle

Answer 45

evaginates

Question 46

phagosome also becomes rapidly acidified by a _______ thus permitting fusion with _____ to form a ______ and subsequent ________ of the particle

Answer 46

phagosome acidified by H+-ATPase permitting fusion with lysosome to form a phagolysosome to allow degradation

Question 47

alteres chloride anion transport

Answer 47

cystic fibrosis

Question 48

process whereby cells constitutively and randomly internalize small vesicles

Answer 48

pinocytosis

Question 49

patients present with coronary heat disease (CHD)

Answer 49

Tangier disease

Question 50

biochemical analysis of skin fiberblasts from tangier patients revealed

Answer 50

the process of reverse cholesterol transport

Question 51

true or false: free cholesterol is transported out of the cell by the ABC transporter encoded by the tangier gene

Answer 51

true