Memory 1 Flashcards
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What is the difference between recall and recognition memory tasks?
Recall memory tasks require you to retrieve information from memory without cues (like answering an essay question), while recognition tasks involve identifying the correct information from a set of options (like choosing the right answer in a multiple-choice question).
Explain serial recall tasks.
You are presented a set of items in order and asked to recall it in the exact order they were presented in (phone number).
Explain free recall tasks.
You are presented a list of items and you can recall them in any order you want (shopping list)
Explain cued recall tasks.
You are shown items in pairs (student-teacher) and later are cued only one item and are asked to recall the other item from the pair.
Explain relearning tasks.
Measures the number of trials it takes you to relearn previously learned items.
Why is recognition memory usually better than recall memory?
It requires lower levels of processing than recall tasks.
Explain the difference between receptive and expressive knowledge.
In Expressive knowledge you need to produce an answer from your memory (recall tasks) and in Receptive memory you need to respond to a stimuli that is presented to you and decide if you have seen it before or not (recognition tasks)
Explain the difference between explicit and implicit memory.
In explicit memory we are conscious of producing an answer and in implicit memory we do it unconsciously (procedural knowledge, priming tasks.)
What is the priming effect?
The priming effect is when exposure to one stimulus influences your response to a later stimulus, often without conscious awareness—for example, seeing the word “yellow” may help you recognize the word “banana” faster because they’re related.
What is procedural memory, and what are some ways of testing it in the laboratory?
Procedural memory is a type of long-term memory for how to perform tasks and skills, like riding a bike or typing, and it can be tested in the lab using tasks like mirror tracing, serial reaction time tasks, or learning to press a sequence of keys without being consciously aware of the pattern.
How does sleep affect procedural memory?
Sleep, especially REM and deep sleep, helps strengthen and stabilize procedural memory, improving performance on tasks like learning a skill or motor sequence after a good night’s sleep.
How can cultural settings be related to measuring memory?
Each culture requires different memory skills so test that seems to be adequate in Europe mightn’t be in Asia or Africa.
