MEMORY Flashcards
(3 cards)
Multi-store model of memory
Atkinson and Shriffin
1)environmental stiumuli
2)sensory memory
CODING:sense specific DURATION:less than 2s
CAPACITY:very large
-Attention occurs
3)short term memory
CAPACITY: 5-9 items DURATION:18-30s CODING:acoustic
-rehearsal loop to long term memory
-or decay/displacement occurs
4)long term memory
CAPACITY:infinite DURATION:lifetime CODING:semantic
-either interference or retrieval failure
EVALUATION:
+research support:
Glanzer+Cuntiz:found that participants forgot words in the middle of a word list as words at the start had been rehearsed to LTM and words at the end were in STM
+Baddley:found that STMs are coded acoustically as acoustically similar words caused confusion.LTM are coded semantically as semantically similar words caused confusion
+Clive wearing:make new STM but not LTM
-evidence for more STM stores:Patient KF-damaged verbal STM but not visual STM
-evidence for more LTM stores:Patient HM-damaged hippocampus and could make new implicit memories but was unable to make explicit memories
-Dual task technique:can do a verbal and visual task but not 2 verbal and not 2 visual tasks
-reductionist:human memory seems to be more complicated
Working memory model
Baddley and Hitch
central executive:receives environmental stimuli+passes info to appropriate store
episodic buffer:combines info together,extra storage
visuospatial sketch pad:visual part of model,visual info
phonological loop:processes sound info
long term memory:infinite store of info
Evaluation:
+Glanzer and Cuniz:found people recall words start and end of lists.Start as rehearsed to long term memory and end as in short term memory
+Baddley:found that stm is coded acoustically as acoustically similar words confused people.Semantically similar words confused people-Long term memory
-evidence for more stores:Patient HM:removed hippocampus and could only code implicit long term memory and not explicit.
-reductionist:human memory is far more complicated
-Not much evidence for central executive->rely on inference
Cognitive interview
-developed by Fisher to improve the standard police interview as interviewers asked too many closed leading questions
report everything:witness asked to report entire event from start to finish, even little details
mental reinstatement of context:witness asked to be put back in the state of mind they were in and to think of context cues when crime occurred
change perspective:participants asked to recall events from another witnesses perspective.Gives 3D view of event
change order of event:witness asked to recall event in reverse order.Avoids use of schema to assume certain events happened when they didn’t
EVALUATION:
+Kohnken:found use of CI improved recall accuracy by 34%
+/-Kohnken found 81% increase of correct information but 61% of incorrect info using CI
-CI interview is time consuming.It may require special training and detectives may not have time for this
-Also expensive to carry out.May not be worth it on smaller cases
