memory

Question 1

What are the stages of information processing?

Answer 1

Input
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Output

Question 2

What is input?

Answer 2

sensory information we receive from information

Question 3

What is encoding?

Answer 3

turning sensory information into a form that he is used and stored by the brain

Question 4

What is storage?

Answer 4

retention of memory in our memory system

Question 5

What is retrieval?

Answer 5

Recall of stored memories

Question 6

What is output?

Answer 6

Information we recall

Question 7

How do we encode information?

Answer 7

Acoustic (hearing)
Visual (see)
Semantic (meaning of info)

Question 8

What is the duration and capacity of short term memory?

Answer 8

Duration - 18 seconds
Capacity - 5-9 chunks of info

Question 9

What is the duration and capacity of long term memory?

Answer 9

Duration - lifetime
Capacity - limitless

Question 10

What is retrograde amnesia and it’s symptoms?

Answer 10

Causes a loss of memories before brain damage
Can forget who they are and where they come from

Question 11

What is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 11

Inability to make and store any long term memories

Question 12

How are schemas formed?

Answer 12

Through personal experiences

Question 13

How do schemas influence memory?

Answer 13

Schemas cause us to change or ignore details when recalling them

Question 14

What is the sensory register?

Answer 14

Our immediate memory of sensory information

Question 15

What is the role of attention in memory?

Answer 15

If we pay attention to something, more likely to remember it

Question 16

What is the role of rehearsal in memory?

Answer 16

Repeating short term memory over and over again helps it to hold in short term memory - transfers to long term memory

Question 17

What are strengths of the multi store model?

Answer 17

Provides evidence for how amnesia damages memory

Question 18

What are weaknesses of the multi store model?

Answer 18

Sometimes we remember stuff as they are more meaningful, not because we rehearse them

Question 19

What ate strengths of Bartlett’s theory of reconstructive memory?

Answer 19

Real life applications - crime eyewitnesses

Question 20

What are weaknesses of Bartlett’s theory of reconstructive memory?

Answer 20

His findings were subjective

Question 21

What are omissions according to Bartlett?

Answer 21

Leave out unfamiliar, unpleasant things when remembering something

Question 22

What are transformations according to Bartlett?

Answer 22

Details are changed to make them more familiar

Question 23

What are familiarisation according to Bartlett?

Answer 23

Change unfamiliar details to align own schema

Question 24

What are rationalisation according to Bartlett?

Answer 24

Add details to recall to give a reason that something may not have fitted with a schema

Question 25

What was the aim of the war of the ghosts study?

Answer 25

- Whether memory affects schemas - If memory affects people due to different cultures

Question 26

What is some information on the participants about the war of the ghosts study?

Answer 26

- 20 participants (7 women, 13 men) - Not told aim of study

Question 27

What was the procedure of the war of the ghosts study?

Answer 27

- Read a story twice - Repeated reproduction used 15 mins later (no specific interval)

Question 28

What are key findings in war of the ghosts study?

Answer 28

- changed some words in the story (canoe became boats)

Question 29

What were conclusions of war of the ghosts study?

Answer 29

- Omissions and transformation happens - Details are fit to participants interests

Question 30

What is a strength of war of the ghosts study?

Answer 30

Reliable as he replicated his procedure of various stories and pictures

Question 31

What is a weakness of war of the ghosts study?

Answer 31

Didn’t use a standardised procedure when doing time intervals

Question 32

What was the aim of Peterson and Peterson’s trigram study?

Answer 32

How long short term memory was

Question 33

What is some information on the participants for the Peterson and Peterson’s trigram study?

Answer 33

1-24 participants from Indiana university

Question 34

What was the procedure of the Peterson and Peterson’s trigram study?

Answer 34

- Trigram shown on screen then asked to count backwards in 3’s and 4’s and then recall trigram - tested eight times with intervals of 3,6,9,12,15,18 seconds

Question 35

What were key findings in Peterson and Peterson’s trigram study?

Answer 35

- took an average of 2.83 seconds to begin recall of trigram once counting had stopped - 3 seconds interval, 50% recalled trigrams accurately/dropped to 10% from 15 seconds onwards

Question 36

What was the conclusion in Peterson and Peterson’s trigram study?

Answer 36

Information decays rapidly from short term memory

Question 37

What is a strength in Peterson and Peterson’s trigram study?

Answer 37

Used standardised procedure (increased validity)

Question 38

What is a weakness in Peterson and Peterson’s trigram study?

Answer 38

Trigram isn’t used in everyday life - lacks mundane realism

Question 39

What means by reductionism?

Answer 39

Explaining something in a very basic manner

Question 40

What means by holism?

Answer 40

Explaining something as a whole