Memory

Question 1

What is the most effective way to successfully encode words in a recognition memory test?

Answer 1

To focus on the conceptual meaning of the words

Question 2

Give a problem with testing memory for real world experiences

Answer 2

Researchers cannot verify if the memories are true or false

Question 3

What does memory retrieval involve?

Answer 3

Re-instating information that was bound together at encoding

Question 4

Why is repeatedly re-learning lists of nonsense syllables a bad way to test forgetting?

Answer 4

It is not ecologically valid

Question 5

Give a key benefit of functional brain imaging (fMRI)

Answer 5

It can reveal memory processes with high spatial resolution

Question 6

Name and define Tulving’s 3 types of long-term memory

Answer 6

Episodic - Memory for specific events
Semantic - Facts and knowledge
Procedural - Memory for specific actions

Question 7

Name and define Cohen and Squire’s 2 types of long-term memory

Answer 7

Declarative - “knowing that”
Procedural - “knowing how”

Question 8

Name the two types of amnesia

Answer 8

Retrograde Amnesia - Cannot remember events prior to the brain damage
Anterograde Amnesia - Cannot later remember events that occur after brain damage

Question 9

What is a flashbulb memory?

Answer 9

A vivid and detailed memory of a specific event, e.g. Royal Wedding

Question 10

What are the two types of forgetting?

Answer 10

Decay - the memory trace is no longer available due to the time since encoding
Interference - the memory trace is no longer available due to activity since encoding