Memory

Question 1

Coding

Answer 1

Baddeley (1966)
ppts given lists of 4 words
Semantically similar
Semantically dissimilar
Acoustically similar
Acoustically dissimilar
STM better for acoustically similar words
LTM better for semantically similar words

Question 2

Magic number

Answer 2

Miller (1956)
7 +/- 2

Question 3

Capacity of STM

Answer 3

Jacobs (1987)
ppts recall increasingly long strings of digits until failure
Digits: avg 9.3
Letters: avg 7.2

Question 4

Multi store model

Answer 4

Atkinson & Schiffrin (1968)
Stimulus -> sensory register (echonic, iconic, other stores) -> STM (through attention) -> LTM
Retrieva, maintenance, response

Question 5

Working memory model

Answer 5

Baddeley and Hitch (1974)
Central executive
Phonological loop (articulatory, acoustic)
Visuospatial sketchpad
Episodic buffer

Question 6

Stores of LTM

Answer 6

Tulving (1985)
Semantic
Procedural
Episodic

Question 7

Interference

Answer 7

McGeoch & McDonald (1931)
ppts given synonyms/antonyms/unrelated words/consonant syllables/3dg numbers/control
Harder to remember when sets are similar

Question 8

Car accident EWT

Answer 8

Loftus and Palmer (1974)
Estimate speed of car (leading question)
“Contacted” = lowest speed
“Smashed” = highest spred

Question 9

Post-event discussion (EWT)

Answer 9

Gilbert et al (2003)
When allowed to discuss event with others, 71% mistakenly recalled aspects they did not see but picked up on in discussion (obv 0% in control)