Psychopathology

Question 1

Depression Explanations

Answer 1

Cognitive:
Beck’s cognitive triad
Ellis’ ABC model

Question 2

Beck’s Cognitive Triad

Answer 2

Beck (1947)
Negative views of the world, the future, and the self lead to “cognitive vulnerability” to depression.
Negative self-schema

Question 3

Ellis’ ABC model

Answer 3

Ellis’ (1962)
Activating event
irrational Beliefs
emotional Consequences

Utopionism - If not everything is going well, everything must be going bad.

Question 4

Depression treatments

Answer 4

Cognitive:
REBT (Ellis’ Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy)
Beck’s cognitive therapy

Question 5

REBT

Answer 5

Ellis’ Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy
Extension of ABC -> ABCDE
Dispute
Effect
Challenges irrational belief:
Empirical argument “is there evidence?”
Logical argument “does it flow from fact?”

Question 6

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

Answer 6

Identifies thoughts in triad
Immediately challenges them
Client tests their validity: client as scientist

Question 7

Deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 7

Definition of abnormality
Jahonda (1958)
Ideal mental health:
-No distress
-Ratiomal
-Self actualisation
-Realistic world view
-Goos self esteem
-No guilt
-Independence
-Can successfully work, love, and strive

Question 8

Phobia treatments

Answer 8

Flooding
Systematic Desensitisation

Question 9

Flooding criticism

Answer 9

Persons (1986)
Cures fear of death of introduced fear of inacceptance
Treats symptoms not phobias

Question 10

Systematic Desensitisation

Answer 10

Gilroy et al (2003)
42 arachnophobes
3 45min sessions
Significantly less scared after 3months and after 33 months

Question 11

Genetic explanation for OCD

Answer 11

Lewis (1936)
OCD patients
37% had parents with OCD
21% had siblings with OCD

Question 12

Cycle of OCD

Answer 12

Taylor (2023)
Obsessive thoughts -> anxiety -> compulsive behaviour -> temporary relief ->