memory

Question 1

STM (short-term memory)

Answer 1

capacity- 7 +_ 2 items

duration- 18-30 seconds

encoding- acoustic

Question 2

LTM (long term memory)

Answer 2

capactity- unlimited

duration- lifetime (unlimited)

encoding- semantic

Question 3

types of LTM (long term memory)

Answer 3

episodic- personal experiences/events

semantic- facts and knowledge

procedural- skills (e.g. riding a bike)

Question 4

WMM (working memory model)

Answer 4

central executive- allocates attention

phonological loop- deals with sound/auditory info

visuo-spatial sketchpad- visual and spatial info

episodic buffer- integrates all types of information

Question 5

retrieval failure

Answer 5

the absence of cues

ESP- encoding specificity principle

state-dependent- interanl state (e.g. mood, intoxication)

context- dependant- environment (e.g. underwater study)

Question 6

explanations for forgetting
(interference theory)

Answer 6

proactive interference: old information distrupts new

retroactive interference: new information distrupts old

the role of similarity- more similar= more interference

distruption: occurs when memories compete (both have distruption)

Question 7

EWT: misleading information
(leading questions)

Answer 7

leading questions is a question that influences the corresponders answer

leading questions- loftus & palmer (smashed= 41mph, contacted= 32mph)

41mph v 32 mph

response bias- type of answer given changes, not memory itself

substitution bias- original memory altered

Question 8

EWT: misleading information
(post-event discussion)

Answer 8

memory contamination- information from others affect memory

memory conformity- agreeing with others for social approval

gabbert: 71% recalled things they hadnt seen themselves (library study or waiting room study IDK)

discussion(error) vs control(no error)

Question 9

EWT: anxiety

Answer 9

negative- weapon focus effect- attention drawn to weapon (miss other details like who has the weapon)

positive- yuille & cutshall- anxiety can enhance recall

explaining the contradictions- inverted U theory (moderate anxiety = best recall)

Question 10

EWT: the cognitive interview

Answer 10

REMEMBER RICC

R- report everything
I- reinstate context
C- change perspectives
C- change order

enhanced CI: social synamics, open questions ect.