Memory Flashcards
(35 cards)
Define memory
The process by which we retain and vehicle information about events that have happened in the past
What are the three memory processes?
Coding/encoding, storage, retrieval
What are the two main assumptions of the multi store model of memory
The models are based on two assumptions. One memory consists of a number of separate stores. To the memory processes are sequential brackets memory flows from one to another
What are the names of the two theoretical models of memory?
Multi store model of memory, working memory model
Describe the structure of the multi storm model of memory
Sensory store, short-term store, long-term store
What are the three structures in memory according to the Musto model of memory?
Sensory register, short-term memory, long-term memory
Describe the sensory register
This is an automatic response to sensory information. All information passes through the sensory registers. There are separate registers for each sense, example echoic iconic haptic and much more. 
Explain what is meant by coding capacity and duration
Coding is the form info stored in. Capacity is how much info is stored. And duration is how long info is stored for.
Explain the process for flow of information through the multi store model of memory
Info is gathered by sensors and enters the sensor register. Info paid attention to is transferred to STM on the rest is forgotten. Info is processed transfers to the LTM and the rest is forgotten.
Describe the short-term memory according to the Musto model
Temporarily stores info from the sensory register. It contains information currently being thought about. You can only be held in the short-term memory if the information is rehearsed.
Describe badly study of coding of the short-term memory and long-term memory
Badly showed that acoustically similar sounding words were sometimes confused on immediate recall. Whereas semantically similar words were confused on long-term memory recall. He argued this shows the short-term memory codes acoustically or as a long-term memory code semantically
Describe the coding and duration of the sensory register
Information is encoded differently to each sense. All sensory stores have a limited duration but it differs for each store. 
Describe the longtime memory, according to the Musto model
Storing info over a lengthy periods of time. Includes any info held for longer than 30 seconds. All info will have passed through the sensory register and the short term memory before arriving at the long-term memory store. 
Describe a study that showed the capacity of the short-term memory
Miller tested people digit span memory. He read out strings of letters/numbers and found that people could immediately recall between 5 to 9 items. He argued this showed the capacity of the short-term memory was 7+. 
What are the implications for the economy fee using the cognitive interview?
If the cognitive interview is more effective then this means police can work more efficiently so public money is better spent which intern benefits the economy 
Describe the study of duration for short-term memory
Peterson read words of three letters which don’t form a word out to participants. They found 90% of the word but remembered after three seconds, 5% after 18 seconds. This shows duration of the short-term memory is about 18 to 30 seconds.
Describe the spreading study
Spelling flashed a grid of letters on the screen for one/20th of a second and participants were asked to recall a row of letters. Recall was good for any role which suggested they could remember all letters present. Suggests a large capacity of the visual sensory register.
Describe the capacity of the sensory register
Capacity seems to be larger information being in an unprocessed and detailed form. Only info paid attention to remember though.
Describe the capacity/coding and duration of the long-term memory
Capacity is unlimited, duration is a lifetime and coding is mostly semantic
Describe the capacity/coding and duration of the short-term memory
Capacity is 7+ items, duration is 18 to 30 seconds and coding is mostly acoustically
Describe a study that shows the duration of a long-term memory
Bahri I showed that participants were able to recognise the names and faces of their school classmates 50 years after graduating. This shows the long-term duration of the long-term memory.
Explain what was meant by primary decency effect and explain how this effect supports the multi store model of memory
The first and last words in a list are more likely to be remembered. This is because the first words have been rehearsed and are in the long-term memory and the last words are most recent Todd in the short term memory.
Explain what brain scans are found with short-term memory and long-term memory. Why does this support the multi store model?
Brain scans have shown different areas of activation when doing short-term memory start compared to long-term memory tasks. This supports they are separate doors because separate areas of the brain are active. It supports they are separate stores.
Describe the HMK study and what it supports the multi store model of memory
HM suffered brain damage from an operation for severe epilepsy. HM was unable to store new events in his long-term memory but he could remember most things that happened to him up until the brain damage. Support that the short-term memory are long-term memory are different stores as only the short-term memory appeared damaged.
