Memory Flashcards
(28 cards)
What’s the capacity of the LTM?
Potentially unlimited
What is capacity?
How many items can be held in memory
Using the digit span technique, what did Jacobs find was the capacity of the STM? (1800’s)
9.3 digits recalled
What did Miller (1956) find was the capacity of the STM?
7+-2 items
How did Miller suggest you can increase the capacity of information stored?
Chunking information together into meaningful units
What was he procedure of Peterson and Peterson? (1959)
24 uni students were told to remember 3 letters then count down in 3s from a number given in a set time.
What did Peterson and Peterson find?
The STM has a maximum duration of 20 secs
What did Bahrick et al do?
Asked people 48 years after leaving school to identify a classmate
What did Bahrick et al find?
The duration of LTM is at least 48 years
Who came up with the multi-store model of memory? (MSM)
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
What components make up the MSM?
LTM
STM
Sensory memory
How does information go from the sensory memory to the STM?
By paying attention to the sensory stimuli
Why can’t we pay attention to all the sensory stimuli?
There would be a sensory overload
If you don’t rehearse information in the STM, what will happen to it?
Memory decay
What can help store STM information to LTM?
Chunking
How does memory go from STM to LTM?
Rehearsal
How is LTM encoded?
Semantically (memory with meaning)
What did Craik and Lockheart do?
Came up with elaborating rehearsal instead of maintenance rehearsal
Who came up with the working model of memory? (WMM)
Baddeley and Hitch
Why did they come up with the WMM?
The MSM was too ‘simplistic’
What is the WMM?
That STM is made up of multiple stores
What is the central executive?
The key component of the WMM, controls other slave systems
What’s the phonological loop?
Made up of the phonological store and articulary process
What’s the phonological store?
For acoustically encoded items
