Memory Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is Coding?
Format in which information is stored into memory stores.
What is Capacity?
Amount of information that can be held in a memory store.
What is Duration?
Length of time information can be held for in memory.
What are the characteristics for STM?
Limited capacity, coding is acoustic (by sound), capacity is 5-9 items, duration 18-30 seconds.
What are the characteristics of LTM?
Unlimited capacity, coding is semantic (by meaning), capacity is unlimited and duration is unlimited.
What is coding and research for it?
Process of converting info from one form to another;
BADDELEY; gave list of words to 4 groups of ppts. to remember, when asked to recall ppts did worse with acoustically similar and semantically similar words. Shows information is coded acoustically in STM and semantically in LTM.
What is evaluation for the research for coding?
Limited application, it uses artificial stimuli and can’t be generalised.
What is capacity and research for it?
Capacity refers to how many items can be stored in memory at one time; JACOBS; gave ppt. no. of digits and asked them to recall and increase digit span until ppt can no longer recall, this determines the ppts digit span = 7 +-2.
What is evaluation for the research of capacity?
Lack of control, uncontrollable confounding variables it might not be reliable.
What is duration and research for it? (STM)
How long we can hold a memory for; PETERSON; took students and gave ppts. 3 letters and a 3 digit number and told to count backwards from number to prevent rehearsal of the 3 letters. Each trial stopped after diff. amount of time, as time increased, recall got worse.
What is evaluation for research of duration?
Material is artificial and has no meaning, so no real life application and generalisation.
What is the Multi-Store Model of Memory?
Shows and describes how information is transferred from one store to another.
What is the Sensory Register?
The sensory register is the memory store where information first comes in through the senses. There are separate sensory registers for each sense: ICONIC store codes VISUAL information. Echoic store codes AUDITORY information.
What is Maintenance Rehearsal?
Occurs when we repeat info. to ourselves over and over again, if we rehearse long enough it passes into LTM.
What types of STM is there?
Multi-store model claims their is only one. However, PATIENT KF; digit for STM was poor when read to him but was much better when they read it themselves; shows STM was bad for verbal but not for visual and acoustic; suggests more than one type.
What types of LTM is there?
Episodic, Semantic and Procedural memory.
What is Episodic Memory?
Ability to recall time stamped events/episodes in our lives, which you have to make a conscious effort to recall.
What is Semantic Memory?
Immense collection of material and knowledge of word and facts. Less personal.
What is Procedural Memory?
Memory for actions or skills that we can do without awareness.
What is the Working Memory Model?
Model which focuses specifically on the workings of short-term memory.
What are the 4 components?
Central Executive, Visuospatial Sketch Pad, Phonological Loop and Episodic Buffer.
What is the role of the Central Executive?
Controls attention and actions of other components, allocates slave systems tasks.
What is the role of the Visuospatial Sketch Pad?
Stores visual info. Has two parts;
Visual Cache - stores visual data
Inner Scribe - records arrangement of objects in visual field.
What is the role of the Phonological Loop?
Deals with auditory info (acoustic coding) and preserves order in which info arrives. Has two parts;
PL Store - holds words you hear
ACS - where words are rehearsed.
