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Psychiatry > Memory & Cognition > Flashcards

Memory & Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the NT change w/ Anxiety?

A
  • Dec NE
  • Inc GABA
  • Dec serotonin (5-HT)
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2
Q

What are the NT changes w/ Depression?

A
  • Dec NE
  • Dec serotonin (5-HT)
  • Dec dopamine
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3
Q

What are the NT changes w/ Alzheimer’s?

A

Dech ACh, NE & Glutamate

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4
Q

What are the NT changes w/ Huntington’s?

A
  • Dec GABA
  • Dec ACh
  • Inc dopamine
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5
Q

What are the NT changes w/ Schizophrenia?

A

Inc Dopamine

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6
Q

What are the NT changes w/ Parkinson’s dz?

A
  • Dec dopamine
  • Inc serotonin
  • Inc ACh
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7
Q

What is Orientation?

A

Pt’s ability to know who & where he/she is & the date/time

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8
Q

What are the common causes of loss of orientation?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Drugs
  • Fluid/electrolyte imbalance
  • Head trauma
  • Hypogylcemia
  • Nutritional deficiencies
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9
Q

What is the order of loss of orientation?

A
  1. Time
  2. Place
  3. Person
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10
Q

What is Retrograde amnesia?

A

Inability to remember things taht occured before a CNS insult

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11
Q

What is Anterograde amnesia?

A

Inability to remember things that occured AFTER a CNS insult (no new memory)

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12
Q

What is Korsakoff’s amnesia?

A

Classic anterograde amnesia caused by Thiamine (B1) def & assoc destruction of mamillary bodies. May also have retrograde amnesia

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13
Q

What is Korsakoff’s amnesia assoc w/?

A

Alcoholics & confabulations

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14
Q

What is Dissociative amnesia?

A

Inability to recall important personal info, usually subsequent to severe trauma or stress

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15
Q

What is a Cognitive disorder?

A

Significant change in cognition from previous level of functioning

(Delirium & dementia)

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16
Q

What is cognition?

A

Memor, attention, language & judgement

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17
Q

What are cognitive disorers assoc w/?

A
  • ABN in CNS
  • General medical cond
  • Medications
  • Substance use
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18
Q

What is Delirium?

A

Waxing & waning level of consciousness w/ acute onset; rapid dec in attention span & level of arousal

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19
Q

What is Delirium characterized by?

A
  • Disorganzied thinking
  • Hallucinations (often visual)
  • Illusions
  • Misperceptions
  • Disturbance in sleep-wake cycle
  • Cognitive dysfunction
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20
Q

Delirium is usually 2° to ____ ____.

A

Other illness

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21
Q

What is the MC presentation of altered mental status in an inpatient setting?

A

Delirium

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22
Q

What are the tech features of Delirium?

A

ABN EEG

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23
Q

What is the tx for Delirium?

A
  • Identify & address underlying cause
  • Optimize brain cond
  • Antipsychotics (haloperidol)
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24
Q

What is Dementia?

A

Gradual dec in intellectual ability of “cognition” w/o affecting level of consciousness

25
What is Dementia characterized by?
* Memory deficits * Aphasia * Apraxia * Agnosia * Loss of abstract thought * Behavioral/personality changes * Impaired judgement
26
What can Dementia pts develop?
Delirium
27
What causes Dementia?
* Alzheimer's dz * Cerebral vascular infarcts * HIV * Pick's dz * Chronic substance abuse * Creutzfeldt-Jakob dz * NPH
28
What does Dementia inc w/?
Age
29
What are the tech features of Dementia?
Normal EEG
30
What is Psychotic disorder?
A distorted perception of reality (psychosis) characterized by delusions, hallucinations &/o disorganized thinking
31
Who can psychosis be present in?
Pts w/ medical illness, psychiatric illness or both
32
What are the signs of psychosis?
* Hallucinations * Delusions * Disorganized speech
33
What are Hallucinations?
Perceptions in the absence of external stimuli
34
What are Delusions?
False beliefs about oneself or others that persist despite the facts
35
What is Disorganized speech?
Words & ideas are strung together based on sounds, puns or "loose associations"
36
What are the different types of Hallucination?
* Visual * Auditory * Olfactory * Gustatory * Tactile * Hypagogic * Hypnopompic
37
What are Visual Hallucinations?
MC a feature of medical illness than psychiatric illness
38
What are Auditory Hallucinations?
MC a feature of psychiatric illness than medical illness
39
What are Olfactory Hallucinations?
Often occur as an aura of psychomotor epilepsy & in brain tumors
40
What are Gustatory Hallucinations?
Rare
41
What are Tactile Hallucinations?
Common in alcohol withdrawal & cocaine abusers
42
What are Hypagogic Hallucinations?
Occurs while going to sleep
43
What are Hypnopompic Hallucinations?
Occurs while waking from sleep
44
What is Schizophrenia?
Chronic mental disorder w/ periods of psychosis, disturbed behavior & thought, & decline in fucntioning lasts \>6 mo
45
What is Schizophrenia assoc w/?
Inc dopaminergic activity & dec dendritic branching
46
Dx of Schizophrenia requires 2 or more of the following sx:
* Delusions * Hallucinations- often auditory * Disorganized speech (loose assoc) * Disorganized or catatonic behavior * Negative sx
47
What are the Negative sx?
* Flat affect * Social withdrawal * Lack of motivation * Lack of speech or thought
48
What are the 5 subtypes of Schizophrenia?
* Paranoid (delusions) * Disorganized (w/ regard to speech, behavior & affect) * Catatonic (automatisms) * Undiff (elements of all types) * Residual
49
What is Brief psychotic disorder?
\<1 month usually stress related
50
What is the duration Schizophreniform disorder?
1-6 months
51
What is Schizoaffective disorder?
At least 2 weeks of stable mood w/ psychotic sx, plus a major depressive, manic or mixed (both) episode
52
What are the 2 subyptes of Schizoaffective disorder?
Bipolar or Depressive
53
What contributes to the etiology of Schizophrenia?
Genetics & environment
54
What is assoc w/ psychosis/schizophrenia in teens?
Frequent cannabis use
55
Who gets Schizophrenia?
* Males=females * Blacks=whites * Presents earlier in men (teens to 20s) * Women (20 to 30s)
56
What are Schizophrenic pts at risk for?
Inc risk of suicide
57
What is Delusional disorder?
Fixed, persistent, nonbizarre belief system lasting \>1 month. Functioning otherwise not impaired
58
What is Share psychotic disorder (folie à deux)?
Development of delusions in a person in a close relationship w/ someone w/ delusional disorder
59
What is the prognosis of Shared psychotic disorder?
Often resolves upon separation

Psychiatry (6 decks)

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