Memory: Explanations for forgetting: Retrieval failure Flashcards
What causes retrieval failure?
Lack of cues
What happens when info is initially placed in memory?
Associated cues are stored at the same time
What happens if cues aren’t available at the time of recall?
Might not be able to access memories even though they are there
Tulving’s encoding specificity principle
‘if the circumstances in which the info was coded is the same as recall, you are more likely to remember the info’
Some cues have what?
meaning linked to memory
e.g. STM may lead to recall about STM
Cues that have no meaningful link
Context-dependent forgetting
State-dependent forgetting
Context-dependent forgetting
When memory retrieval is dependent on an external/environmental cue (e.g a place)
State-dependent forgetting
Memory retrieval is dependent on an internal cue (feelings) e.g. being drunk
Who investigated context-dependent forgetting?
Godden and Baddeley - scuba diver study
Scuba diver study procedure
learn land, recall land
learn land, recall underwater
learn underwater, recall underwater
learn underwater, recall land
Scuba diver findings
Recall better if conditions matched at learning and recall
A03 - everyday application
people often report experiences
when forget something, go back to environment first experienced it in
A principle of cognitive interview, a method of getting eyewitnesses so recall information about crimes using context reinstatement
A03 - cues dont always work
complex ideas have less of an impact
