Mendelian Genetics Quiz

Question 1

Meiosis

Answer 1

Type of cell division where chromosomes number is reduced by half and the daughter cells are genetically distinct from the parents

A cell division where chromosome numbers are reduced by half and the daughter cells are genetically from their parents.

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

mitosis divides a cell’s nucleus into two nuclei, each with an identical set of DNA

Stage in the cell cycle where 1 thing of DNA is equally distributed between 2 identical daughter cells.

Question 3

Genetics

Answer 3

Study of patterns in heredity and the variation of organisms.

Question 4

Cross pollination

Answer 4

Reproduction process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant.

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

Mendels factors are now called alleles. Controls the characteristics
The letters that show the genes from mom or dad. Alternate versions of a trait.
(One letter?)

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

When both pairs of an allele are alike, the organism is homozygous for that characteristic. An organism can be homozygous dominant. Both letters are the SAME!

Question 7

Law of segregation

Answer 7

When 2 gametes combine during fertilization, the offspring have two factors controlling a specific trait.

Question 8

Haploid

Answer 8

Having only one chromosome of each homologous pair. (Half)

Question 9

Diploid

Answer 9

Cell that has both chromosomes of a homologous pair.

Question 10

Trait-

Answer 10

a characteristic

Question 11

Dominant

Answer 11

referring to an allele that masks the presence of another allele for the same characteristic, most common in population

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

genetic makeup of an organism, consists of alleles that the organism inherits from its parents (the letters)

Question 13

Heterozygous

Answer 13

When the two alleles in the pair are different, the organism is heterozygous, this means 1 UPPERCASE and 1 LOWERCASE

Question 14

Law of independent assortment

Answer 14

States that factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently.

Question 15

Gametes

Answer 15

Reproductive cell (sperm, male: ova/egg cells, female)

Question 16

Heredity

Answer 16

Transmission of traits from parents to their offspring. (Mom has brown eyes and daughter has brown eyes)

Question 17

Self pollination

Answer 17

Pollination using the same flower, flowers from the same plant, or two plant’s genetically the same.

Question 18

Recessive

Answer 18

referring to an allele that is masked by the presence of another allele for the same characteristic.

Question 19

Phenotype

Answer 19

Appearance of an organism as a result of its genotype.
Ex: PP, Pp = purple flower
pp = white flower

Question 20

Genotype

Answer 20

genetic makeup of an organism, consists of alleles that the organism inherits from its parents (the letters)

Question 21

Punnett square

Answer 21

a way to show all the possible gene combinations 2 parents can give their offspring

Question 22

Monohybrid cross

Answer 22

Crosses that deal with only ONE trait

Question 23

Dihybrid cross

Answer 23

A cross that involves TWO pairs of genes, rather than 1 (monohybrid cross)

Question 24

Codominance

Answer 24

a heterozygous individual expresses both simultaneously WITHOUT blending
use all capital letters

Question 25

Incomplete dominance

Answer 25

heterozygous individual expresses both simultaneously WITH blending ex: red flower & white flower = pink flower

Question 26

Gene

Answer 26

a segment of DNA that contains coding for a polypeptide or protein; unit of hereditary information

Question 27

Molecular genetics

Answer 27

study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes.

Question 28

Test cross

Answer 28

used to determine whether an organism is TTor Tt. a test cross is when the unknown is crossed with tt