Unit 2 Compare and Contrast Flashcards
Anaerobic and aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration - Respiration without the use of oxygen. Makes 2 Atp.
It includes glycolysis and fermentation. It occurs in the cytoplasm.
Aerobic respiration - Respiration with the use of oxygen. makes 38 ATP and consists of glycolysis, the krebs cycle, and ETC. It occurs in the mitochondria.
They both occur by the break down of food into energy. They both happen in the cell, and both produce byproducts.
Chloroplast and mitochondrion
Chloroplasts transfer light energy to organic compounds. The mitochondria transfers organic compounds to ATP, it almost “continues” what the chloroplast did. They are both found in the plant cell but the mitochondria is found in an animal cell whereas chloroplasts are not. Their physical make up is a little different too. Chloroplasts are like flattened circles and have organelles such as thylakoids inside. Mitochondria are more elongated, they have folds called cristae inside of them.
Diffusion and osmosis
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, it’s almost like a “byproduct” of diffusion in that it uses diffusion to move specifically water. Both diffusion and osmosis are types of passive transport meaning they don’t need to use any cell energy. Osmosis looks more at moving water whereas diffusion is about moving molecules, these molecules can be liquids gases, or even solids. Gargling salt water when you are sick would be an example of osmosis Diffusion would be when you are driving beside a truck with cattle in it and soon enough you can smell the manure in your car
Light reactions and dark reactions
The light reaction is the initial stage of photosynthesis which traps light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, whereas dark reaction is the second step of photosynthesis which utilizes the energy from ATP and NADPH to produce glucose. The light reactions happen in the thylakoid of the chloroplast and the dark reactions happen in the stroma (liquid) of the chloroplast. They both happen in the chloroplast, just in different parts of the organelle. The light reaction must happen for the dark reactions to happen since the light reactions make ATP and NADPH and the dark reactions require ATP and NADPH.
Fermentation and aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration and fermentation are two processes which are used to provide energy to cells.
In aerobic respiration, carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP is produced in the presence of oxygen.
Fermentation is the process of energy production in the absence of oxygen. fermentation- a set of anaerobic (without oxygen) pathways in which pyruvic acid is converted into other organic molecules in the cytosol.
- Doesn’t produce ATP
- Regenerates NAD* (this helps keep glycolysis operating)
Aerobic respiration produces 38 ATP whereas fermentation doesn’t produce any ATP.
Kreb’s cycle and ETC (both in cellular respiration)
The Krebs cycle and ETC are both a part of aerobic respiration, the krebs cycle is the first stage and the ETC is the second stage. The ETC uses products (NADH and FADH2) from the krebs cycle in order to function properly.
Both make ATP, krebs cycle makes 2 ATP and ETC makes 34 ATP. They both take place in the mitochondria, just different parts of the organelle. The krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and the ETC takes place in the cristae.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Instead, the cell’s DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm. Most prokaryotes are microscopic single-celled organisms. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The nucleus, the largest organelle, encloses the genetic information in eukaryotes. Eukaryotes may be multicellular or single-celled organisms
Eukaryotes are usually much larger and complex than prokaryotic cells are because they have a nucleus.
