Mendellian Genetics (plant breeding) Flashcards
(12 cards)
what is the difference between the genotype and the phenotype?
The genotype refers to the plants genetic makeup.
The phenotype is the physical appearance of the plant. (Genotype + Environment)
What is a locus?
The specific point on the chromosome where the genotype is determined.
What and when did Mendel publish?
“Experiments on Plant Hybridization” in 1866
Why were peas a good model system for Mendel?
Easily control fertilization;
Male and female parts easy to physically remove.
How are Gametes formed?
By meiosis
What are Mendel’s Principals?
1) Principal of Segregation
2) Principal of Dominance
3) Principal of Independent Assortment
What is Mendel’s Principal of Segregation?
For any one trait, the pair of alleles of each parent separate and only 1 allele passes on from each parent to offspring. Which allele is inherited is random.
What is Mendel’s Principal of Dominance?
One allele masked another, one allele was dominant over the other in the F1 generation.
What was Mendel’s Principal of Independent Assortment?
Different pairs of alleles are passed to offspring independently of each other.
What is genetic linkage?
When two genes are on the same chromosome and located close together, they are often inherited together because they don’t assort independently during meiosis.
How was Mendel lucky?
Traits he chose in peas were clear and unlinked.
Phenotypes were easy to recognise as one allele was dominant over another.
What is the difference between a gene and a genome?
A gene; A unit of heredity. A section of a DNA sequence.
A genome; the entire set of genes in an organism.
