Reproduction and Sexual Health > Menopause > Flashcards

Menopause Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

When is menopause said to have started?

A

The day the woman had her last period

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2
Q

What is the average age of menopause in the UK?

A

51

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3
Q

What age is classified as early menopause?

A

<45 years old

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4
Q

What age is premature menopause classified as?

A

<40 years old

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5
Q

What is defined as late menopause?

A

> 54 years old

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6
Q

How many ova are there at birth?

A

1 million

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7
Q

What do ova exist as?

A

Follicles

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8
Q

What hormones encourage granulosa cells to grow?

A

LH and FSH

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9
Q

Where are LH and FSH secreted from?

A

Anterior pituitary

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10
Q

What is the function of LH and FSH?

A

Encourage granulosa cells to grow

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11
Q

What do granulosa cells secrete?

A

Oestrogen

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12
Q

What cells secrete oestrogen?

A

Granulosa cells

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13
Q

What is the function of oestrogen during puberty?

A

Develop secondary sexual characteristics

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14
Q

List some secondary sexual characteristics.

A
  • Hair distribution
  • Body shape
  • Fat distribution
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15
Q

What tissue type does oestrogen affect?

A

Collagen

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16
Q

Why does everything become ‘saggy’ after menopause?

A

Because oestrogen affects collagen but women lose oestrogen in menopause

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17
Q

What hormones cause women to release eggs?

A

LH and FSH

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18
Q

What does oestrogen do to the endometrium?

A

Proliferates the endometrium

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19
Q

What 3 things are considered in the diagnosis of menopause?

A
  1. Symptoms
  2. Pattern of periods
  3. Blood tests
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20
Q

In what fashion is LH and FSH released?

A

A PULSATILE fashion

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21
Q

Why is LH and FSH difficult to measure in blood tests?

A

They are released in a pulsatile fashion

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22
Q

** A single raised FSH and LH level does not confirm menopause !! **

23
Q

When do LH and FSH raise naturally?

Study These Flashcards
A

Prior to ovulation

24
Q

LH and FSH are raised with stopping combined pill or Depoprovera

25
Why should LF and FSH never ben given to young women?
It could induce menopause
26
What medication can raise LH and FSH?
SSRI's
27
Why do LH and FSH raise after menopause?
Telling ovaries to release an egg but ovaries aren’t listening as well during menopause so they have to shout louder
28
List some common symptoms of the menopause.
* Hot flushes * Night sweats * Palpitations * Insomnia * Joint aches * Headaches
29
Hot flushes are a _________ symptom
Vasomotor
30
What % of menopausal women get hot flushes?
60-80%
31
How long does each hot flush last?
3-5 mins
32
How long does the period of hot flushes last?
2 years
33
What % of people have hot flushes for 15 years?
10%
34
List some psychological symptoms of menopause.
* Mood swings * Irritability * Anxiety * Difficulty concentrating * Forgetfulness
35
Why (later in menopause) do bladder symptoms occur?
Due to loss of bladder support from lack of collagen and oestrogen
36
List some of the bladder symptoms that occur after menopause.
* Frequency * Recurrent UTIs * Dysuria * Incontinence
37
List 2 later symptoms of menopause.
* Dry hair and skin | * Atrophy of breast and genitals
38
List 2 sexual symptoms of menopause. Why do these happen?
* Vaginal dryness * Lack of libido Oestrogen changes collagen, decreased collagen  vaginal dryness and worse sex and more common UTI’s, incontinence etc
39
What 2 hormones do the ovaries produce?
Oestrogen and testosterone
40
What hormone affects libido?
Testosterone
41
Name the 3 different categories of perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
* Irregular periods * Intra-menstrual bleeding * Post menopausal bleeding
42
Oestrogen causes the lining of the womb (endometrium) to ___________
Proliferate
43
List some conservative management options of the menopause.
* Diet – vital oestrogens from plants e.g soy is good !! * Weight loss * Exercise * Lifestyle * Caffeine
44
List some conservative management options of the menopause.
* Diet – vital oestrogens from plants e.g soy is good !! * Weight loss * Exercise * Lifestyle * Caffeine reduction
45
List the different management options of menorrhagia.
* Mefenamic acid – an NSAID which works by reducing blood supply to womb. * Tanexamic acid – an anti-fibrinolytic, less clotting Both above ones reduce bleeding by ½ and you only need to take with your period * Progesterones – the reason they’re having bleeding is due to the action of unopposed oestrogen i.e telling womb that you are pregnant, so it doesn’t proliferate lining of womb and less bleeding * Intra-uterine system – give progesterone to oppose action of oestrogen. * Endometrial ablation – scar the endometrium so it can’t proliferate * Hysterectomy
46
HRT can be oestrogen only or oestrogen + progesterone
True
47
How can HRT be given?
Topical or oral
48
List the benefits of HRT.
* Symptom control * Improved quality of life * Reduced osteoporotic fractures * Reduced bowel cancer * Possibly protective against Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
49
List the risks of HRT.
* VTE – 2 to 7 extra per 1000 * CVA * Breast cancer – 6 extra per 1000 * Gallbladder disease
50
An a-2-adrenergic agonist for which there is some evidence for use in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms
Clodinine
51
Regelles is a?
A vaginal moisturiser
52
Yes is a?
Lubricant
53
Sylk is a?
Lubricant

Reproduction and Sexual Health (51 decks)

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