menorrhagia Flashcards
(35 cards)
what is menorrhagia
subjectively heavy menses
(more than normal)
normal amount of menstrual bleeding
30-80ml
how to know if somsones bleeding more than normal
ask how many pads they go through in a day
more than 10 is a lot
4 causes of menorrhagia
- dysfunctional uterine bleeding
- fibroids
- IUD
- hypothyroidism
most common cause of menorrhagia
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
this is idiopathic
how to diagnose menorrhagia
bloods
trans vaginal ultrasoundh
what bloods to do for menorrhagia
FBC
Clotting screen
ferritin
TFT
what is a fibroid
uterine leiomyoma (smooth muscle benign growth)
epidimeology of fibroids
typically affects women 30-50y
20-50% childbearing women are affected
4 types of fibroids
- pedunculated
- subserosal
- intramural
- submucosal
where are pedunculated fibroids
they grow on a stalk
where are subserosal fibroids
they grow outside uterine serosa
where are intramural fibroids
in the muscular walls
where are submucosal fibroids
just beneath endometrial line
risk factors for fibroids
high oestrogen
what can cause high oestrogen
- nulliparous
- obesity
- early menarche + late menopause
- afrocarribean
symptoms of fibroids
- menorrhagia
- bloating
- pelvic pressure
- subfertility
why can fibroids cause subfertility
fibroid can distort shape of uterine cavity
therefore increase risk of IUGR + abrnomal fetal lie
4 diagnostic techniques for fibroids
- bimanual examination
- abdominal examination
- transverse vaginal ultrasound
- MRI
what does bimanual exam for fibroids show
large, irregular non tender uterus
what does abdominal exam for fibroids show
central large mass
what does trans vaginal ultrasound for fibroids show
mass
what does MRI for fibroids show
mass
what do you see when you dissect fibroid
whorled appearance
