PCOS Flashcards
(17 cards)
what does PCOS stand for
polycystic ovarian syndrome
what criteria is PCOS based off
rotterdam criteria
what is the rotterdam criteria
- hirsutism / increased androgens
- menstrual disturbance
- polystsic ovaries on TVUSS
need 2/3 for diagnosis
what is hirsutism
condition in women that results in excessive growth of dark or coarse hair in a male-like pattern — face, chest and back.
epidemolgy of PCOS
affects 1/10 young females in uk
risk factors of PCOS
- fhx
- obese
- insulin resistance (eg T2DM)
pathogenesis of PCOS (its long soz)
- no progesterone produced from corpus luteum cuz of menstrual disturbance
- increases GnRh pulsatile secretion
- results in increased LH stimulation (increased androgenesis) but no/little FSH response (decreased follicle maturation)
- increased androgens promite hirsutism + insulin resistance
- therefore more insulin is made to counter act
- impacts of insulin: increase LH, decrease FSH, decrease SHBG
- leads to even more androgen
- result: hirsutism, failed follicle maturation + insulin resistace
symptoms of PCOS
- hirsutism
- mood swings
- amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea
- subfertility
- acanthosis nigricans
examples of hirsutism features
- acne
- facial hair
- male pattern balding
- deep voice
diagnosis of PCOS
- 2/3 Rotterdam criteria
- bloods
- TV USS
what bloods to do for PCOS
FBC, U+E, TFT, LFT
Sex bloods
LH:FSH ratio (should be 2:1)
what does TV USS for PCOS show
more than 12 polycystic ovaries arranged like beads on a string with at least >10cm ovarian volume
treatment for PCOS if not fertility planning
- lose weight + excercise
- COCP to decrease hirsutism
- metformin to increase insulin peripheral sensitivity
treatment for PCOS if fertility planning
clomifene –> induces ovulation
other treatments for PCOS
- spironolactone –> blocks androrgens
- topical eflornithine –> for acne
complications of PCOS
infertility
metabolic syndrome
t2dm
obstructive sleep apnoea
endometriam hyperplasia + cancer !!!! (main one)
