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Mental Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What has the highest mortality of any psych condition

A

Eating disorders

Suicide risk 200x higher than general pop

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2
Q

What is the SCOFF screening tool used for?

A

Bulimia and Anorexia

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3
Q

What mineral is very important to screen for in refeeding

A

Phosphate

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4
Q

What are the types of PTSD symptoms?

A
  • Re-experiencing
  • Avoidance/Rumination
  • Hyperarousal/Emotional Numbing
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5
Q

What is the management strategy for PTSD?

A
  • Watching waiting for a month
  • Referral to CAHMS depending on severity
  • Assess suicide risk
  • Treat PTSD first before comorbid conditions unless they interfere directly with treatment
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6
Q

What is the first line treatment for PTSD if it presents within 3 months?

A

TB-CBT

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7
Q

What is the first line treatment for PTSD after 3 months?

A

EMDR

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8
Q

What is the main focus of treating PTSD in children?

A

Group or individual CBT

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9
Q

What type of therapy does EMDR represent?

A

Helps brain process traumatic events

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10
Q

How many sessions does EMDR typically involve?

A

8-12 sessions of 90mins each

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11
Q

What is the second line treatment for PTSD drug therapy?

A

Venlafaxine or SSRI e.g. Sertraline

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12
Q

What is the recommendation for hypnotics for insomnia?

A

No more than 1 month, replaced by antidepressant if no longer required

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13
Q

In PTSD management, what should always be assessed?

A

Suicide risk

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14
Q

What is the timeframe for watching and waiting before referral for PTSD?

A

1 month

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15
Q

What is the purpose of TB-CBT in PTSD treatment?

A

First line treatment if presents within 3 months

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16
Q

What kind of therapy is preferred for PTSD treatment in secondary care when sedation is required?

A

TAD and antipsychotics

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17
Q

What is the primary goal of EMDR therapy?

A

Help process traumatic events

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18
Q

What is dementia?

A

A syndrome with multiple causes leading to progressive decline in cognition, behaviour, and ADLs

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19
Q

Which type of dementia is more common in women?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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20
Q

Which type of dementia is more common in men?

A

Vascular/mixed dementia

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21
Q

What are some risk factors for dementia?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Down syndrome
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Cardiovascular risk factors
  • Family history
  • Severe psychiatric history
  • Head injury
  • Low IQ
  • Limited social support
  • Low physical activity
22
Q

What is the most common type of dementia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Alzheimer’s disease

23
Q

What are treatable causes of dementia?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Substance abuse
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Space-occupying lesions (SOL)
  • Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
  • Syphilis
  • B12/folate deficiency
  • Pellagra
24
Q

What assessments are used for dementia?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • MMSE
  • GPCOg
  • 6CIT
25
What investigations are recommended for dementia?
* FBC * UE * LFT * Calcium * Glucose * B12/Folate * TFT
26
What imaging is preferred when referring to a memory clinic?
MRI
27
What should be done regarding driving if a patient has dementia?
Need to inform DVLA; HGV immediately revoked, cars require annual review
28
What is an example of an anticholinesterase used in dementia treatment?
Donepezil
29
What is an example of an NMDA antagonist used in Alzheimer's?
Memantine
30
When is Memantine used in Alzheimer's treatment?
When AchE inhibitors are not tolerated
31
How is mild cognitive impairment different from dementia?
Decline in cognitive function greater than expected, does not interfere with ADLs
32
Respiradone should never be given in what…
Lewy body Dementia
33
What level of depression is indicated by a PHQ-9 score less than 16?
'Less severe' depression ## Footnote This classification helps guide treatment options.
34
What level of depression is indicated by a PHQ-9 score of 16 or greater?
'More severe' depression ## Footnote This classification necessitates more intensive treatment approaches.
35
What is the recommended initial follow-up timeframe for patients with less severe depression?
2 weeks ## Footnote For patients aged 18-25 or at high risk, the follow-up should occur in 1 week.
36
What should be done if there is no effect from the initial treatment after 4-6 weeks?
Take action as per 'Failure of initial treatment choice' section ## Footnote This may involve changing medications or exploring alternative therapies.
37
How long should medication typically be continued once a patient is well in depression
6 months ## Footnote After this period, the risks and benefits of stopping versus longer-term treatment should be weighed.
38
What strategies should be considered for psychosocial relapse prevention?
CBT, MBCT, etc. ## Footnote Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) are examples of effective strategies.
39
When are antidepressants indicated for 'less severe' depression?
When PHQ-9 < 16. Don't routinely use antidepressants first line unless it's the person's preference. ## Footnote NICE implies that medication shouldn't be used alongside psychosocial therapy first line - it's one or the other.
40
What is the first-line medication recommended for 'less severe' depression?
An SSRI. ## Footnote Antidepressants are not routinely recommended unless preferred by the patient.
41
What is NICE's preferred choice for 'more severe' depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 16)?
CBT with antidepressant therapy. ## Footnote Antidepressant therapy alone and multiple psychosocial interventions are also suitable.
42
What is an alternative to CBT with antidepressant therapy for 'more severe' depression?
Antidepressant therapy alone. ## Footnote Multiple psychosocial interventions are also considered suitable.
43
What does NICE say about the first-choice medication for 'more severe' depression?
It will 'usually be' an SSRI, but allows for other antidepressants. ## Footnote This flexibility accounts for specific desired effects, comorbidity, or previous treatment responses.
44
Fill in the blank: For 'less severe' depression, medication shouldn't be used alongside _______.
psychosocial therapy.
45
True or False: Antidepressants are always the first line of treatment for 'more severe' depression.
False. ## Footnote CBT with antidepressant therapy is preferred, but other options are available.
46
What is the PHQ-9 score threshold for 'more severe' depression?
≥ 16.
47
What type of therapy is suggested alongside antidepressants for 'more severe' depression?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). ## Footnote This combination is preferred by NICE.
48
In depression if a treatment is ineffective at 4-6 weeks what should we do?
Take action - increase drug dose or switching/adding drugs or psychological interventions
49
What are the two screening q’s for depression
During the last month have you been bothered by feeling down, depressed or hopeless Have you been bothered by little interest or pleasure in doing things
50
What is important when assessing suicide risk
Intent vs plans Access to lethal methods e.g. farmers Protective factors Have they had previous attempts to

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