MESS Anatomy: MET

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

soft palate is innervated by which nerve? [1]

what happens to soft palate when swallowing? [1]

Answer 2

soft palate is innervated by vagus nerve !

what happens to soft palate when swallowing? [1]
elevates to during swallowing to prevent food from entering nasal cavity

Question 3

which salivary gland has ducts that open either side of the frenelum? [1]

Answer 3

which salivary gland has ducts that open either side of the frenelum? [1]
submandibular !

Question 4

which salivary gland has ducts opening along the plica subligualise? [1]

Answer 4

which salivary gland has ducts opening along the plica subligualise? [1]

sublingual

Question 5

Parotid gland is innervated by which nerve? [1]

submandibular and sublingual nerves are innervated by which nerve? [1]

Answer 5

Parotid: Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX (via auriculotemporal nerve (V3))

Submandibular and sublingual: Facial nerve CN VII (chorda tympani branch which travels in lingual nerve (V3))

Question 6

what divdes the anterior and posterior portion of the tongue? [1]

what is found at the point of ^ V shape? [1]

Answer 6

what divdes the anterior and posterior portion of the tongue? [1]
sulcus terminalis

what is found at the point of ^ V shape? [1]
foramen cecum

Question 7

4 intrinsic tongue muscles? [4[

innervated by? [1]

Answer 7

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

Innervation = hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

which muscles of mastication help to close the mouth? [3]

which muscles of mastication help to open the mouth?[1]

which nerve innervates the muscles of mastication? [1]

Answer 10

which muscles of mastication help to close the mouth? [3]

• Temporalis
• Masseter
• Medial pterygoid

which muscles of mastication help to close the mouth?[1]
- lateral pterygoid

which nerve innervates the muscles of mastication? [1]

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

what is the function of the buccinator? [1]

Answer 13

Function = pulls back the angle of the mouth and to flatten the cheek area

This is important in chewing as it keeps the food in the correct position in the mouth BUT it is not a muscle of mastication

Question 14

what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve? [5]

Answer 14

 Temporal  Zygomatic  Buccal  Mandibular  Cervical

Two Zulus Bit My Cat

Question 15

which nerve innervates sensation to the face?

a) trigeminal nerve
b) facial nerve
c) glossopharnyngeal
d) vagus nerve
e) hypoglossal

what are the three sensory portions? [3]

Answer 15

which nerve innervates sensation to the face?

• *a) trigeminal nerve**
  b) facial nerve
  c) glossopharnyngeal
  d) vagus nerve
  e) hypoglossal

V1: opthamalic
V2:maxilary
V3: mandibular

Question 16

which nerves innervate the following parts of the pharnyx?

Answer 16

Question 17

which muscle acts as the upper oesophogeal sphincter (OUS)? [1]

what is the innervation like for this muscle? [1]

Answer 17

which muscle acts as the upper oesophogeal sphincter (OUS)? [1]
cricopharngeaus

what is the innervation like for this muscle? [1]
vagus nerve

Question 18

* which muscle of the pharynx elevates the pharnyx during swallowing? *

which nerve innervates this muscle?

Answer 18

* which muscle of the pharynx elevates the pharnyx during swallowing? *
stylopharyngeus

which nerve innervates this muscle?
glossopharyngeus

Question 19

Gag reflex:

sensory innervation: ?

motor innervation?

Answer 19

Gag reflex:

sensory innervation: CN IX

motor innervation: CN X

Question 20

which of the following is not a suprahyoid muscle?

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Sternohyoid
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid

Answer 20

which of the following is not a suprahyoid muscle?

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Sternohyoid
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid

Question 21

which of the following is not an infrahyoid muscle?

Geniohyoid
Sternohyoid
​Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

Answer 21

which of the following is not an infrahyoid muscle?

Geniohyoid
Sternohyoid
​Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

the mesentary connects which two structures? [2]

Answer 24

the mesentary connects which two structures? [2]
small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 25

the greater omentum connects which two structures? [2]

Answer 25

the greater omentum connects which two structures? [2] **stomach (greater curvature) to transverse colon !!**

Question 26

the lesser omentum connects which two structures? [2]

Answer 26

the lesser omentum connects which two structures? [2] **liver -\> stomach**

Question 27

what is the sphincter of oddi / what is its role?

Answer 27

**The sphincter of Oddi** refers to the smooth muscle that s**urrounds the end portion of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct.** This muscle relaxes during a meal to allow bile and pancreatic juice to flow into the intestine.

Question 28

the ileum ends at which exact point? [1]

Answer 28

the ileum ends at the **ilio-caecal junction** in the right iliac fossa [1]

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

whats this?

Answer 30

ligamentum teres

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

what thoracic level are of the following? a) coeliac trunk b) SMA c) IMA d) aortic bifurcation

Answer 33

what thoracic level are of the following? * *a) coeliac trunk: L12 b) SMA: L1 c) IMA: L3 d) aortic bifurcation : L4**

Question 34

what level are the renal arteries at?

Answer 34

L1/2

Question 35

Three main branches of the coeliac trunk?

Answer 35

Left gastric Splenic Common hepatic

Question 36

f

Answer 36

Question 37

Answer 37

Question 38

which two arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach & what is their orgins? [2] which two arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach & what is their orgins? [2] which artery supplies the fundus & origin?

Answer 38

_which two arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach & what is their orgins? [2]_ **Right gastric (from common hepatic) Left gastric (from coeliac trunk)** _which two arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach & what is their orgins? [2]_ **Right gastroepiploic (from gastroduodenal) Left gastroepiploic (from splenic)** _which artery supplies the fundus & origin?_ **short gastric arteries (from splenic)​**

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

describe the path of the spermatic cord from start -\> scrotum [4]

Answer 40

starts at: -**deep inguinal ring -\> inguinal canal --\> superficial inguinal ring --\> scrotum**

Question 41

where is the cremaster muscle? [1] what is its function? [2]

Answer 41

## Footnote _location:_ thin layer of striated muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord. _function_: regulate the temperature of the testis and to protect it from extrinsic trauma.

Question 42

what is this muscle?

Answer 42

cremaster muscle

Question 43

what are the layers of the spermatic cord? [3] where do each layer originate from [3]

Answer 43

superficial --\> deep: **external spermatic fascia** (from transveralis fascia) **cremaster muscle** (from internal oblique) **external spermatic fascia** (from external oblique)

Question 44

what is the difference betwenen a direct and indirect hernia? [2]

Answer 44

_what is the difference betwenen a direct and indirect hernia? [2]_ The difference is in the anatomical location: **Direct hernias protrude through the posterior (back) wall of the inguinal canal. Indirect hernias protrude through the inguinal ring**

Question 45

direct hernias pass directly through which structure? [1]

Answer 45

direct hernias pass directly through: **hasslebachs triangle**

Question 46

Answer 46