Metab

Question 0

Sucrose

Answer 0

Fructose and glucose

Question 1

Lactose

Answer 1

Galactose and glucose

Question 2

Maltose

Answer 2

2 glucose

Question 3

Enzyme for DHAP to G3P

Answer 3

G3P dehydrogenase

Question 4

Link rxn

Answer 4

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Co factor vit b

Question 5

Important enzyme in TCA

Answer 5

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 6

Enzyme that replaces things removed from TCA

Answer 6

Pyruvate carboxylase

Question 7

Classes of lipids

Answer 7

FA derivatives, HMG co A derivatives, vit DAKE

Question 8

2 essential FA

Answer 8

Linolenic acid, arachidonic acid

Question 9

Restoring ratio of lipoproteins enzyme

Answer 9

LCAT

Lecithin: cholesterol Acyl transferase

Question 10

Hyperlipoproteinaemias symptoms

Answer 10

Xanthelasma and tendon xanthoma

Question 11

Acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors and activators and method

Answer 11

Insulin increases by dephosphorylation

ATP and citrate increases by dephosphorylation

Question 12

ALT rxn

Answer 12

Alanine and alpha ketogluterate to glutamate and pyruvate

Question 13

AsT rxn

Answer 13

Aspartate and alpha ketogluterate to glutamate and oxaloacetate

Question 14

Exceptions to drug metabolises being les active

Answer 14

Primidone to phenobarbitone

Codeine to morphone

Question 15

2nd rxn of alcohol metab and enzyme

Answer 15

Acetaldehyde to acetic acid via aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 16

Excitatory hunger stimulation

Answer 16

NPY and agouti related peptide

Increased by ghrelin

Question 17

Inhibition of appetite

Answer 17

Pyy, leptin, insulin, amyloid

Question 18

Exocrine function of pancreas

Answer 18

Somatostatin, ghrelin, amylase, acinar cells

Question 19

Gout

Answer 19

Build up of Uris acid in blood from breakdown of purines, damages joints and causes inflammation

Question 20

Dislipidaemia TI

Answer 20

Defective lipoprotein lipase, no Coronary artery disease

Question 21

Type IIa dislipidaemia

Answer 21

Defective LDL receptor, coronary artery disease

Question 22

Posterior pituitary gland secretions

Answer 22

Prolactin, oxytocin

Question 23

Actions of ACTH

Answer 23

Increase cholesterol esterase, more cholesterol, and increased production of cortisol

Question 24

Actions of cortisol

Answer 24

Increased proteolysis, lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, decreased immune system

Question 25

Excess cortisol

Answer 25

Hyperglycaemia, deposition of fat, easy bruising, hypertension

Question 26

Effects of aldosterone

Answer 26

Increased sodium reabsorption in exchange for K in the kidneys

Question 27

Calcium uses in the body

Answer 27

Hormone secretion, nervous conduction, activation of enzymes, muscle contraction, exocytosis

Question 28

Transport of Calcium

Answer 28

Free, anionic sites of serum proteins, complexed with low weight anions eg citrate

Question 29

Affect chief cells have when bound to calcium

Answer 29

Increased PLC production, decreased adenylate cyclise, hence decreased cAMP and PTH

Question 30

Effects of PTH

Answer 30

Increased calcium release from bone | Increased reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule

Question 31

PTHrP

Answer 31

Like PTH but no more calcitirol formed as no increased hydroxylase enzyme, hence humeral hypercalcaemia of malignancy

Question 32

Hypocqlcaemia

Answer 32

``` Paraesthesia Paralysis Convulsions Involuntary muscle contractions Tetany ```

Question 33

Hypercalcaemia

Answer 33

Kidney stones, constipation, dehydration, tiredness, depression