MGD

Question 0

2 polar AA

Answer 0

Serine cysteine

Question 1

3 non polar AA

Answer 1

Glycine alanine valine

Question 2

2 negative AA and their general properties

Answer 2

Glutamate Aspartate acidic

Question 3

2 positbe Aa and properties

Answer 3

Lysine Arginine basic

Question 4

Type of Aa that are helix fixers and 2 examples

Answer 4

Small hydrophobic, ala leucine

Question 5

Both helix breakers and why

Answer 5

Pro as no C-N rotation

Gly as R group supports other conformations

Question 6

Initial clotting factor of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways

Answer 6

Intrinsic XI

Extrinsic III

Question 7

first clotting factor in common

Answer 7

X

Question 8

Describe from factor X onwards in clotting cascade

Answer 8

Prothrombin to thrombin (increases factor X concentration)
Fibrinogen to fibrin
Fibrin clot

Question 9

How does glutamate take part in clotting cascade

Answer 9

Carboxyl action in the liver
Carboxyglutamate binds to Ca2+ and site damage
Ca2+ required for prothrombin cleavage

Question 10

4 methods of controlling and stopping the clotting cascade

Answer 10

Localisation of Ca by carboxylglu
Digestion of factors by protein C once thrombin binds to endothelial receptors
Inhibitors eg anti thrombin III
Fibrinolysis

Question 11

How many rings do purines have

Answer 11

2

Question 12

What is DNA made from? Full name

Answer 12

Deoxy I mono phosphates dDNMPs

Question 13

What is RNA made from?

Answer 13

NMPs

Question 14

Stages of cell replication in order

Answer 14

M G1 S G2

Question 15

Describe DNA replication

Answer 15

Origin of replication, helicase unwinds, primate adds primer, proteins recruit DNA polymerase

Question 16

Name an X linked Dominant condition

Answer 16

X linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets

Question 17

Prokaryotic origin of replication

Answer 17

Prinbow box

Question 18

Stop codons

Answer 18

UAA UAG UGA

Question 19

Two capping methods

Answer 19

Polyadenylation and 5’ to 5’ methyl guanine cap

Question 20

Translation

Answer 20

40S on 5’ cap and moves to methyl in P site
60s binds
Peptidyl transferase moves peptides between aminoacyltRNa
Translocation,
Finally peptide and tRNA is hydrolysed

Question 21

Lysosomal targeting enzymes

Answer 21

N acetyl glucosamine phospho transferase

N acetyl glucosamine phosphoglycosidase

Question 22

Mitcohondrial targeting

Answer 22

Amphipathic N terminal sequence, stabilised by MSF
Translocation by Tom Tim
Mitochondrial processing peptidase cleaves signal
Chaperones fold the protein

Question 23

Nuclear transport

Answer 23

NLS, binds to importin
Importin moves it into nucleus
Ran binds to importin and protein dislocates
Moves out of nucleus and dissociates
Ran moves back into nucleus

Question 24

ER targeting

Answer 24

SRPS, protein in via peptide translocation comples

Question 25

Tropocollagen

Answer 25

3 alpha RH chains XY Gly Pro to hydroxyl pro by prolyl hydroxylase ( vit C and Fe) Cross links outside cell by Lysyl oxidase, between lysine residues

Question 26

Removal of pro collagen terminal peptidases

Answer 26

Pro collagen peptidase

Question 27

Penicillin

Answer 27

Inhibits trans peptidase enzyme, weak cell wall, lysis due to osmotic pressure

Question 28

Rifampcin

Answer 28

Binds to RNA polymerase

Question 29

Tetracycline

Answer 29

Competes with tRNA at A site

Question 30

SDS PAGE

Answer 30

Sodium do decal sulphate polyacylamide gel electrophoresis

Question 31

Southern blotting

Answer 31

DNA

Question 32

Array CGH

Answer 32

Array comparative genomic hybridisation Entire genome of healthy and patient DNA in fragments Where the DNA probe doesn't bind to the patients then some mutation has occurred hence you can find its locus

Question 33

Transition

Answer 33

Purine to purine

Question 34

Trans version

Answer 34

Purine to pyrimadines

Question 35

5 causes of mutations

Answer 35

``` Tautomeric shift hence A to C, T to G Slippage Nitrous acid replacing amino groups with Keto groups IQ disrupting packaging UV causing adjacent thymine to bind ```

Question 36

Base exicion

Answer 36

1-5 bases, oxidative damage

Question 37

Nucleotide excision

Answer 37

Up to 30 bp replaced

Question 38

Short arm of chromosome

Answer 38

P

Question 39

Long arm of chromosome

Answer 39

Q

Question 40

DNA methylation

Answer 40

DNA is inactive

Question 41

Demethylation of DNA

Answer 41

Makes DNA acetyl groups hence it is active