TOB

Question 0

Elastic Von Gieson

Answer 0

Collagen pink
Elastic blue
Muscle yellow

Question 1

PAS

Answer 1

Carbs and glycoproteins magenta

Question 2

Lamina propria

Answer 2

Loose CT, blood and lymph vessels, cells of immunity

Question 3

Layers of the stomachs

Answer 3

Columnar, gastric mucosa, mm, sub mucosa, rugae

Question 4

Folds in Jejunum

Answer 4

Pilicae circulates

Question 5

Folds I n large intestine

Answer 5

Peyers patches

Question 6

Serous a around abdominal, lungs and heart

Answer 6

Peritoneum, pleural, pericardial

Question 7

Inside and outside of serous names

Answer 7

Visceral outside

Parietal inside

Question 8

Gram staining

Answer 8

Crystal violet complex added, binds to negative
Iodine turns complex blue
Methanol extracts complex if thin peptidoglycan wall
Add red dye

Question 9

Gram positive

Answer 9

Streptococcus

Clostridium

Question 10

Gram negative

Answer 10

Everything but 2 positives, legionella, chlamydia

Question 11

Mycobacteria stains. And example

Answer 11

Acid fast stain. Using ZN

Tuberculosis and leprosy

Question 12

Collagen TI and TII

Answer 12

Tendon/dermis

Hyaline, elastic

Question 13

Marian’s

Answer 13

Undeveloped elastic fibres as defect for fibrillin

Lax joints, fragile vascular walls, v tall, heart defects, stretchy skin

Question 14

Ehlers Danlos Disease

Answer 14

Abnormality of reticular fibres

Stretchy skin, bursting vessels, fragile joints, fragile gums

Question 15

Lining of T in skeletal

Answer 15

In line with A I band

Question 16

Red and white muscle

Answer 16

Red is slow

White is powerful

Question 17

Surrounding muscle

Answer 17

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

Question 18

Structure of actin, Troponin and tropomyosin

Answer 18

Troponin on tropomyosin on actin

Question 19

Cartilage

Answer 19

A vascular tissue from mesenchyme,

High GAG to collagen ratio

Question 20

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 20

TII , perichondrium

Question 21

Elastic cartilage

Answer 21

TII, elastic fibres, perichondrium, elastic lamellae,

Ear epiglottis and adipose

Question 22

Fibrocartilage

Answer 22

TI ,fibroblasts, TII , no perichondrium, intervertebral discs and menisci joints

Question 23

Trabeculae

Answer 23

Layers of interstitial lamellae

Question 24

Spongy bone

Answer 24

Mesh work of trabeculae surrounded by marrow

Question 25

Fracture repair

Answer 25

Hematoma to pro callus Forms collagen and hyaline, forms fibrocartilaginous callus New bone trabeculae Ossification

Question 26

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 26

Mutation of TI collagen,

Question 27

Sexhormone

Answer 27

Excess: premature fusion of epiphysis | Too little: v tall

Question 28

Achondroplasia

Answer 28

Mutation of fibroblast growth receptor Less endochondrial ossification, Short limbs

Question 29

Grey and white matter of CNS

Answer 29

Grey central unmyelinated | White peripheral myelinated

Question 30

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 30

Glutamate, Aspartate

Question 31

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 31

Glycine and GABA

Question 32

Sympathetic nervousness system

Answer 32

Thoraco lumbar output, Post ganglionic noradrenergic receptors Pre is cholinergic EXCEPT POST FOR PERSPIRATION AND EJACULATION: cholinergic

Question 33

Parasympathetic system

Answer 33

Carnio sacral outflow Pre is. Cholinergic Post is cholinergic

Question 34

Glial cells

Answer 34

Astrocytes. - blood brain barrier Micro glia - immune and inflammatory response Satellite - support of peripheral

Question 35

4 features of a perikaryon

Answer 35

Nucleolus, nucleus, nissi substance ( ER ), dendrites

Question 36

Cells after blood cell proliferation

Answer 36

Myeloid blast | Lymphoblast

Question 37

Reticular fibre function

Answer 37

Synthesise reticular fibres and cytoplasm around them | Direct t and B lymphocytes to lymphatic tissue

Question 38

Types of leucocytes and their nucleus

Answer 38

``` Neutrophils: multilobed Eosinophils: bi lobed Basophils: tri lobed Monocytes: kidney shaped, these turn into macrophages Lymphocytes: massive ```

Question 39

Innate humeral

Answer 39

``` Transferrin deprives microorganism of iron Lysozyme Fibronectin increases phagocytosis Interferons decrease viral replication Complement helps Phagasomes ```

Question 40

Innate cellular

Answer 40

Macrophages and monocytes present antigens to lymphocytes and undergo phagocytosis Leucocytes Mast cells

Question 41

Adaptive humeral

Answer 41

Cytokines increase proliferation of lymphocytes Performing destroys cell walls Antibodies neutralise toxins and bacteria

Question 42

Adaptive cellular

Answer 42

T helper T memory T killer releases perforin B cells

Question 43

Growth of bones at the epiphyseal growth plates

Answer 43

Cells divide and matrix secreted Matrix compressed into linear bands and cells enlarge The matrix becomes calcified Calcified matrix becomes in contact with marrow Blood vessels and connective tissue invade Calcified cartilage as spicules which bone is laid down on