Metabolic/fluid balance

Question 1

IV treatment of hypoglycaemia

Answer 1

Child 2ml/kg 10% dex
Neonate 2.5ml/kg 10% dex

Give enteral if no IV access; if unsafe swallow IM glucagon

Question 2

Blood gas results in
a) fully compensated resp acid
b) fully compensated met acid
c) partially compensated resp acid
d) partially compensated met acid
e) mixed met + resp acidosis

Answer 2

a) normal pH, high pCO2, high bicarb, pos BE
b) normal pH, low HCO3, neg BE, low pCO2
c) low / near normal pH, high pCO2, high bicarb, pos BE
d) low / near normal pH, low bicarb, neg BE, low pCO2
e) low pH, low bicarb, neg BE, high pCO2

Question 3

SIADH causes

Answer 3

S – Small cell lung carcinoma (or other malignancies)
I – Infections (CNS: meningitis, encephalitis; Lungs: pneumonia, TB)
A – ADH-increasing drugs (SSRIs, TCAs, carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, NSAIDs, thiazide diuretics)
D – Damage to CNS (stroke, trauma, haemorrhage, tumor)
H – Hormone imbalances (hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency)

Question 4

Mx of SIADH

Answer 4

Fluid restrict