Metabolic Pathways

Question 1

How is an ATP molecule formed

Answer 1

1) 3 Phosphate groups
2) Pentose Sugar
3) Adenosine

Question 2

What is the function of ATP

Answer 2

Power all Cellular process

Question 3

What is NADH/FADH function

Answer 3

Carries electrons (via reduction and absorption) in Glycolosis, Krebs Cycle, Beta oxidation and send them into the electron transport chain

Question 4

NADH/FADH are used in __________ reactions

Answer 4

CATABOLIC

Question 5

NADH/FADH are used in __________ reactions

Answer 5

CATABOLIC (Glycolisis, Krebs Cycle, B-oxidation)

Question 6

What is NADPH

Answer 6

Electronic carrier used in ANABOLIC REACTIONS (Steroid, fatty acids synthesis)

Question 7

NADPH is used to produce reduced ___________

Answer 7

Glutatione

Question 8

What are the final products of Glycolisis

Answer 8

• 2 Pyruvates
• 2 ATP
• 2 NADH

Question 9

What is the reactant of glycolysis

Answer 9

1 molecule of Glucose

Question 10

Where does Glycolysis occurs

Answer 10

CYTOSOL of ALL CELLS

Question 11

Regulation of Glycolysis is

Answer 11

Allosteric via PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1
Inhibits: ATP and Citrate
Stimulates: Fructuose 2-6 biphosphate

Question 12

PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1 action

Answer 12

Conversion of Fructose-6-phosphate to Fructose-1,6-biphosphate

Question 13

Gluconeogenesis final product

Answer 13

GLUCOSE

Question 14

Where does gluconeogenesis occurs

Answer 14

CYTOSOL (except for the 1st step: mitochondria). LIVER CELLS

Question 15

Regulation of Gluconeogenesis

Answer 15

Allosteric via Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase.
Inhibited by: AMP and Fructose-2,6-biphosphate
Stimulated by: Citrate

Question 16

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex links ________________ to ________________

Answer 16

Glycolysis to Krebs Cycle

Question 17

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex final products

Answer 17

• 1 acetyl-CoA
• 1 CO2
• 1 NADH

Question 18

Reactants for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Answer 18

• 1 CoA
• 1 NAD+
• 1 Pyruvate

Question 19

Cofactors involved in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Answer 19

Thiamine, Lipoic Acid, Pantothenic Acid, Riboflavin, Niacin

Question 20

Where does Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex occurs

Answer 20

CYTOSOL

Question 21

Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Answer 21

Allosteric.
Activated by NAD+, ADP and Ca++

Question 22

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency clinical features

Answer 22

Neurologic defects + Lactic acidosis

Question 23

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency treatment

Answer 23

Ketogenic diet

Question 24

Krebs Cycle main fuctions

Answer 24

1. Oxylation of Acetyl-CoA to generate High-energy molecules = ATP, NADH, FADH
2. Synthesis of precursors for many Biomolecules

Question 25

Krebs Cycle reactant

Answer 25

1 Acetyl-CoA

Question 26

Krebs Cycle final product

Answer 26

3 NADH, 1 FADH, 2 CO, 1 GTP(ATP)

Question 27

Where does Krebs Cycle occur

Answer 27

Mitochondrial Matrix

Question 28

Regulation of Krebs Cycle

Answer 28

Allosteric via ISOCITRATE dehydrogenase. Stimulated by: ADP Inhibited by: ATP/NADH

Question 29

Electron Transport Chain produces ___________ ATP from 1 glucose

Answer 29

36 ATP

Question 30

What is Electron Transport Chain

Answer 30

Series of biochemical reactions which use NADH and FADH to generate Electrochemical gradient across INNER MEMBRANE of MITOCHONDRIA

Question 31

How does Electron Transport Chain produces ATP

Answer 31

Via ATP Synthaze

Question 32

Electron Transport Chain is also called

Answer 32

Oxidative phosporilation

Question 33

Electron Transport Chain can be inhibited by

Answer 33

Cyanide, Carbon monoxide and Oligomycin

Question 34

NADH acts in which complex of Electron Transport Chain

Answer 34

Complex I (Then Complex III)

Question 35

FADH acts in which complex of Electron Transport Chain

Answer 35

Complex II (The Complex III)