Vitamins

Question 1

Water-soluble vitamins

Answer 1

B complex and Vit C

Question 2

Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed in

Answer 2

Small intestine

Question 3

Where is B12 absorbed?

Answer 3

Terminal Ileum

Question 4

B Complex deficiencies triad

Answer 4

Dermatitis + Glosytis + Anemia

Question 5

Fat-soluble Vitamins

Answer 5

Vitamins A,D,E,K

Question 6

Which kind of vitamin is more likely to accumulate and cause toxicity

Answer 6

Fat-soluble vitamins

Question 7

Malbsorption syndromes are associated to Deficiency of which kind of vitamin

Answer 7

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Question 8

B1 is an essential cofactor in

Answer 8

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (Glycolysis -> Krebs Cycle)
Alpha Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase (Krebs Cycle)
Transkelotase (HMP Shunt)
Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (AA metabolism)

Question 9

Deficiency of B1 can cause

Answer 9

1. Wernicke-Korsakoff dementia
2. Dry beri-beri
3. Wet beri-beri

Question 10

Wernicke-Korsakoff triad

Answer 10

Confusion + Ophtalmoplegia + Ataxia

Question 11

Beri-beri clinical features

Answer 11

Dry beri-beri: Polyneuropathy
Wet beri-beri: Heart failure and cardiomyopathy

Question 12

What is the name of Vitamin B2

Answer 12

Riboflavin

Question 13

Vitamin B2 defiency can cause

Answer 13

Cheilosis and Corneal Vascularization

Question 14

Vitamin B2 serves as cofactor in

Answer 14

Krebs Cycle and Electron transport Chain

Question 15

Vitamin B2 is a primary component of

Answer 15

FAD+

Question 16

Vitamin B3: Name

Answer 16

Niacin

Question 17

Vitamin B3 serves as cofactor in

Answer 17

Glycolylis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Ethanol Metabolism

Question 18

Deficiency of B3 causes

Answer 18

PELLAGRA: Diarrhea + Dermatitis + Dementia

Question 19

Vitamin B3 is a primary component of

Answer 19

NADP/NAD+

Question 20

Vitamin B3 can be synthetized from

Answer 20

Tryptophan

Question 21

Diseases that decrease Tryptophan can cause ____________. For example _____________

Answer 21

1. Pellagra
2. Carcinoid syndrome and Hartnup disease

Question 22

Vitamin B5 name

Answer 22

Pantothenic Acid

Question 23

Vitamin B5 serves as a cofactor in

Answer 23

All reactions that involve CoA

Question 24

Vitamin B5 deficiency causes

Answer 24

Dermatitis, Enteritis and Alopecia

Question 25

Vitamin B6 serves a cofactor in

Answer 25

Transamination (AA metabolism) and Decarboxylation reactions

Question 26

Vitamin B6 is required for synthesis of

Answer 26

Neurotransmitters Heme Histamine

Question 27

Deficiency of Vitamin B6 causes

Answer 27

Sideroblastic anemia Peripheral Neuropathy

Question 28

Vitamin B7 name

Answer 28

Biotin

Question 29

Vitamin B7 serves as a cofactor in

Answer 29

Carboxylation Reactions: ANABOLIC - Gluconeogenesis - FA synthesis - AA metabolism

Question 30

Vitamin B7 and gluconeogenesis

Answer 30

Vitamin B7 serves as a cofactor of Pyruvate Carboxylase

Question 31

Vitamin B9 serves a cofactor in

Answer 31

Methylation = Synthesis of nucleic acids / amino acids

Question 32

Deficiency of B9 causes

Answer 32

Megaloblastic anemia + Hypersegmented PMN cells

Question 33

Deficiency of B9 during pregnancy is associated to

Answer 33

Neural Tube defects

Question 34

Reserve-time for Vitamin B9

Answer 34

30 days

Question 35

Vitamin B12 serves as cofactor in

Answer 35

Methylation reactions (Same as B9) and Myelin Synthesis

Question 36

Deficiency of B12 causes

Answer 36

- Megaloblastic anemia - Subacute combined degeneration - Increased Homocysteine and Methylmalonic acid

Question 37

Common causes of B12 deficiency

Answer 37

- Vegan diet - Achlorhydria (PPI use) - Pernicious anemia - Gastric bypass / Ileal resection - Alcoholism / Malabsorption syndromes - Bacterial overgrowth

Question 38

Vitamin C serves as cofactor in

Answer 38

Collagen and neurotransmitter (Dopamine to NEP) Synthesis

Question 39

Vitamin C also has _________ properties

Answer 39

Antioxidant

Question 40

Vitamin C deficiency causes

Answer 40

Scurvy: - Swollen gums + Petechia + Corkscrew hair + Perifollicular hemorrhage.

Question 41

Vitamin A functions

Answer 41

Function of Rod and Cone cells Embryologic development Inmune cell differentation

Question 42

Vitamin A is used as treatment for which conditions

Answer 42

- Measles - Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia - Severe cistic acne

Question 43

Deficiency of VitA can cause

Answer 43

Night blindness + Keratomalacia + Inmunosupression

Question 44

Hypervitaminosis A is characterized by

Answer 44

Double vision, vertigo, alopecia and pseudotumor cerebri

Question 45

Vitamin D is essentially

Answer 45

A Regulation Hormone in Ca+ metabolism

Question 46

Is the only vitamin that ______________

Answer 46

Can be synthetized in the skin

Question 47

Activated Vitamin D is known as

Answer 47

1-25-OH-Cholecalciferol

Question 48

Storage Vitamin D is known as ________ and is storaged in _________

Answer 48

25-OH-Cholecalciferol / Liver

Question 49

Which Hormone activates Vit D? Where?

Answer 49

PTH in the Kidneys

Question 50

Deficiency of Vitamin D can cause

Answer 50

Ricketts in children (genu varum) Osteomalacia in adults (bone/muscle weakness)

Question 51

Vitamin E function

Answer 51

Antioxidant = Protection of erythrocytes and Nerve cells

Question 52

Deficiency of Tocopherol can cause

Answer 52

Hemolytic anemia and Neurodegeneration (Deficiency of Vitamin E is very rare)

Question 53

Vitamin K serves as cofactor in

Answer 53

Gamma Carboxylation of Glutamic acids residues in factors II, VII, IX, X and Protein C/S

Question 54

Deficiency of Vitamin K can cause

Answer 54

-Neonatal hemorrhage -Propencity for bleeding

Question 55

How does Vitamin K is produced?

Answer 55

Bacterial production in the intestine

Question 56

Why does the newborn need Vitamin K prophylaxis?

Answer 56

Because Vit K is produced by Bacterias in the Colon. Newborns doesn't have bacterial flora yet