Metabolism Flashcards
(25 cards)
Define what an intermediate is
A substance that is created and consumed within a pathway
True or False: all pathways share the same fundamental chemical and thermodynamic principals
True
What is the purpose of metabolism
To create energy
How much energy does breaking a phosphoanhydride bond create
-30 kj/mol
What are these two nucleotides (prosthetic group or co-enzyme or cofactor)
1. FAD
2. NAD+
FAD: prosthetic group
NAD+: cofactor
Both are co-enzymes
What is a cofactor
A substance whose presence is essential for enzyme activity
What is a co-enzyme
A molecule that enhances enzyme function and attaches to the enzyme active site
What part of NAD and FAD allow them to go under reversible reduction
The nitrogen base part (nicotinamine flavin bases)
What is the difference between an hydride ion and a hydrogen atom
Hydride ions carry 2 electrons
Hydrogen atoms only carry one electron
How many electrons do protons have
Trick question, protons do not have any electrons
What type of H does NAD and NADP pick up
They pick up hydride ions
What kind of H’s and how many do FAD pick up
They pick up 2 hydrogen ions
Does the Adinine base undergo reversible oxidation and reduction
No
What links nucleotides toghether
Phosphoester bonds and phosphoanhydride bonds
What are NAD and NADP and FAD usually? (Co-substrates, Co-enzymes, Prosthetic groups)
Co-substrates (NAD and NADP) loosely associated with enzyme
Prosthetic groups (FAD) tightly associated with enzyme
What goes through oxidation and what goes through reduction during catabolism
Over all is catabolism (oxidative or reductive)
Cofactors are reduced
molecules are oxidized
Overall oxidative process
What goes under oxidation and what undergoes reduction in anabolism
Is the overall reaction reductive or oxidative
Co-factors get oxidized
Molecules get reduced to create bonds
Overall anabolism is reductive
What substance are we talking about when we say anabolism is reductive and catabolism is oxidative
We are referring to the fuel molecules
Are nucleotides a significant fuel source
No
What are fats stored as, in what are they stored
They are stored as triglycerides, they are stored in adipocytes
What is the pH and the temp of the chemical standard state
I pH of 0 and a temp of 25 degrees
What is the pH and the temp of biochemical standard state
I pH of 7 and a temp of 25 degrees
Does delta G give us information about the rate of the reaction
No
What is the free energy like in reactions that are reversible
The free energy is close to equilibrium
