Metabolism

Question 1

Causes of SIADH

Answer 1

1.CNS
SAH, head traums, meningitis, encephalitis, GBS

2.lung
Pneumonia, Tb, sarcoidosis, pneumothorax, atelectasis, asthma

3.Cancer
Mesoghelioma, small cell lung cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, GI cancer, lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, sarcoma

Medication
Antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, cyclophosphamide, ecstasy

Others
Prolactinoma, waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Question 2

Cause of hyponatremia in CHF?

Answer 2

CHF cause low cardiac output and hypotension. To compensate arginine vasopressin(VAP) is released which increase water absorption in collecting ducts. Blood dilution cause hypervolemic hyponatremia.

Question 3

Addisons disease
Symptoms and clinical manifestations

Answer 3

Primary adrenal insufficiency
Cortisol def- malaise, weightloss, hypotension, n, v, constipation, diarrhpea, abdominal flank pain, hypoglycemia, hyperthermia

Aldpsterone def- hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, acidosis, hypotension, tachycardia

Question 4

Drug used in aldosterone def

Answer 4

Fludrocortisone

Question 5

Criteria for metabolic syndrome

Answer 5

3 out of 5
1.waist circumference depending on popultn.
2.triglycerides >150 (>1.7mmol/L)
2.HDL less than 40 in men and 50 in women (<1 and 1.3)
4.bp >130 or >85
5. FBS >100 (5.5) or already diabetic

Question 6

It D def a/w which all cancers?

Answer 6

Breast (Dictal carcinoma insitu), colon, prostate