Flashcards in Metabolism 2. Deck (20)
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1
___________________ combines with coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl CoA and CO2.
pyruvic acid
2
Anaerobic respiration includes two metabolic processes : __________________ and _______________________.
glycolysis and lactic acid formation
3
In the absence of oxygen, the electron transport chain stops supplying ________________ to the glycolysis pathway; however, it can be obtained from ____________________.
a) NAD+
b) actic acid formation
4
Oxidative phosphorylation
a. occurs in the cytoplasm
b. occurs in the absence of oxygen
c. produces more ATP per molecule of glucose than does glycolysis
d. produces more NADH per molecule of glucose than glycolysis
e. only uses molecules generated by catabolism of glucose
c. produces more ATP per molecule of glucose than does glycolysis
5
What is the function of uncoupling proteins? Mention when and where they are produced (3 marks).
-uncoupling proteins channel energy away from ATP synthesis to heat
-uncoupling proteins are in the inner mitochondria of membranes
-they are produced in brown fat of infants in response to cooling
6
Carbohydrates make up about _______ of the weight of the average person.
a. 0.1
b. 3%
c. 15
d. 30
e. 50
b. 3%
7
_____________ is a substance that stimulates uptake of glucose by cells and increased glycolysis.
insulin
8
Describe what gluconeogenesis is. Mention three different types and where it occurs.
-gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from lactic acid, amino acids or fatty acids
-it occurs in the liver when there is insufficient dietary carbohydrates and the glycogen supplies have been used
9
_______________ is a substance that stimulates gluconeogenesis.
glucagon (or catecholamines)
10
Extremely low blood glucose levels would result in impairment of the function
of _________________________.
nervous tissue, especially higher brain functions
11
Glycogen is most prevalent in two tissues: _______________ and
_________________.
skeletal muscle and the liver
12
Describe when glycogenesis is most likely to occur and name the hormone
that stimulates it.
-occurs when concentration of glucose in the blood is higher than that required to power cells (after eating)
-stimulated by insulin
13
Describe when glycogenolysis is most likely to occur and name the hormone
that stimulates it.
-occurs when dietary intake of glucose is insufficient to supply the body's need for energy (fasting)
-stimulated by glucagon
14
List the names of the four most prevalent lipids in the body (2 marks).
-triglycerides
-fatty acids
-phospholipids
-cholesterol
15
Lipids make up about _______ of the weight of the average person.
a. 0.1 b. 3% c. 15 d. 30 e. 50
c) 15%
16
Briefly describe the two main steps in lipogenesis
- fatty acids are synthesized by the stepwise addition of 2 carbon units from malonyl CoA
- three fatty acids are joined with a glycerol molecule
17
List three tissues in which lipogenesis is most common.
-adipose tissue
-liver
-mammary gland
18
Briefly describe the role of malonyl CoA in lipid metabolism.
-malonyl CoA is a 3 C molecule that releases 2 C units that combine to form fatty acids
19
List three kinds of lipids that incorporate fatty acids in their synthesis.
-triglycerides
-phopholipids
-cholesterol
-prostaglandins
20
