Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BMS109 Cell & Molecular > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

To understand the principles behind glycolysis & kreb's, their yields and where they occur (70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How is ATP generated

A

Oxidation of glucose, Oxidation of fatty acids, Oxidation of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name two main electron carriers

A

NADH and FADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name two common intermediates

A

pyruvate and Acetyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe oxidation

A

gain of oxygen, loss of hydrogen and loss of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe reduction

A

Loss of oxygen, gain of hydrogen and gain of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

cytoplasm/cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two phases of glycolysis

A

Preparation and payoff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the NET production from glycolysis?

A

2ATP and 2NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the effect of arsenic on glycolysis?

A

Causes reaction 6 to be skipped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why does arsenic cause reaction 6 of glycolysis to be skipped?

A

Arsenic has a similar structure to phosphate, produces an unstable product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to the NET production of glycolysis if reaction 6 is skipped?

A

NO NET ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the fate of pyruvate in anaerobic respiration?

A

converted into lactate the exported out of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of kinases?

A

Add phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which steps are regulated in glycolysis?

A

Step 1, 3 and 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which enzymes regulate steps 1, 3 and 9 of glycolysis

A

1 - hexokinase
3 - phosphofructokinase 1
9 - Pyruvate kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What inhibits and promotes phosphofructokinase 1?

A

Inhibited by ATP, promoted by AMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What molecule causes hexokinase to be bypassed in glycolysis?

A

glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE the PDH complex reversible

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What inhibits the PDH complex?

A

Products - Acetyl CoA and NADH
Nucleotides - GTP, AMP
Phosphorylation - inactivates
Pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the kreb’s cycle

A

Bridge between glycolysis through to oxidative phosphorylation,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does the Kreb’s cycle occur?

A

mitochondrial matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the two phases of the Kreb’s cycle?

A

Regeneration and oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of respiration is the Kreb’s cycle essential for?

A

Aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How many times does the Krebs cycle operate per molecule of glucose?
twice
26
What happens in the oxidation phase?
NAD+ and FAD+ are reduced into NADH and CO2 and FADH2
27
What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are controlled?
Acetyl CoA -> Citrate Isocitrate -> a-ketoglutarate a-ketoglutarate -> Succinyl CoA
28
What are the suppliers of the Krebs cycle?
Fats, Polysaccharides and proteins
29
What is the production of the Krebs cycle per ONE glucose molecule?
4CO2, 2ATP, 2FADH2, and 6NADH
30
What is the production per a SINGLE cycle of the krebs cycle
2CO2, 1ATP, 1FADH2 and 3NADH
31
What is the function of the PDH complex?
Convert pyruvate into Acetyl CoA
32
Products from the breakdown of amino acids also feed into the Krebs cycle TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
33
What is produced by the Electron Transport Chain?
h2O, ATP
34
What is the NET yield from PDH complex?
2NADH
35
What is the NET yield from Krebs cycle?
6NADH, 2FADH2 and 2GTP
36
What is the total yield of ATP from glycolysis, krebs and PDH combined?
36 ATP
37
How many complexes are in the electron transport chain?
4
38
What drives the production of water in the ETC
giving up of electrons from cytochrome C
39
What is the function of the ETC
Establish a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to drive ATP synthase to produce ATP
40
What is the final reaction of of ETC?
O + 2H+ --> H2O
41
Where does the ETC occur?
Across the inner mitochondrial membrane
42
TRUE or FALSE the ETC requires oxygen
TRUE
43
What are the electron carriers of reaction 1 in the ETC?
NAD and FAD
44
What are the electron carriers of reaction 2 in the ETC?
Ubiquinone
45
Describe ubiquinone
Fat soluble, co-enzyme Q, accepts one or two electrons
46
What are the electron carriers of reaction 3 in the ETC?
Cytochromes
47
Which type/s of cytochrome is soluble
type c
48
What are the electron carriers of reaction 4 of the ETC?
iron-sulphur proteins
49
What reaction in the ETC causes the oxidation of succinate into fumarate?
Reaction 2
50
Describe how ATP-synthase produces ATP
protons cause the subunit to rotate by 1/3 this causes a conformational change in the beta subunit
51
How many protons are required to aid ATP- synthase make 1ATP
3
52
What are the inhibitors of the Krebs cycle?
Cyanide, Azide, Carbon monoxide and uncoupling agents
53
What is the effect of uncoupling agents on the Krebs cycle
dissipation of the proton gradient
54
What complex do cyanide, azide and carbon monoxide act on
Complex IV
55
What genetic disorder is caused by mutations in ETC?
Leigh syndrome
56
What is the main site of energy production?
Mitochondrial matrix
57
TRUE or FALSE - glucose can be made from Acetyl CoA
FALSE
58
Which tissues exhibit metabolic specialisation?
Brain, liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle
59
What is the function of ketone bodies?
Alternative source of energy during short term fasting
60
What is the major fuel for muscle metabolism?
Glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies
61
What is the source of energy for heavy activity of muscle metabolism?
Muscle glycogen
62
Where is the site of glucose production during starvation?
kidney
63
What happens in the liver when blood glucose levels drop?
Liver signals to breakdown glycogen, reduces glycolysis and increases gluconeogenseis
64
Describe Type 1 diabetes mellitus
immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells
65
What happens in type 1 diabetes mellitus
insulin production stops, blood glucose regulation is disrupted
66
Describe type 2 diabetes mellitus
insulin resistance, pancreas loses its ability to produce insulin
67
What are diabetes mellitus diseases characterised by?
high levels of blood glucose
68
How do you treat diabetes mellitus?
insulin injections
69
What is inhibited in type 1 diabetes mellitus?
glycolysis
70
What state is the liver stuck in in type 1 diabetes mellitus
ketogenic and gluconeogenic

BMS109 Cell & Molecular (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions