Muscle Flashcards by Isabella Smyth

Q

What are the three types of muscle

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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Q

Which muscle is fatigue resistant

A

smooth

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Q

What is epimysium

A

tough connective tissue

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Q

What does epimysium surround

A

outside of whole muscle

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Q

What is perimysium

A

connective tissue sheath

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Q

What does perimysium surround

A

bundles of myocytes - fasicles

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Q

What surrounds skeletal muscle

A

different fibrous tissues

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Q

Describe the characteristics of skeletal muscle

A

multi-nucleate, long unbranched, striated

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Q

What are transverse tubules

A

gaps between sarcoplasmic reticulum

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Q

What are dense irregular connective tissues

A

epimysium, perimysium

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Q

what is endomysium

A

thin connective tissue

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Q

What does endomysium surround

A

each myocyte

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Q

How does skeletal muscle contract

A

under voluntary control

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Q

What is the sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane around muscle

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Q

What do invaginations of the sarcolemma form

A

transverse tubules

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Q

What is the sarcolemma comprised of

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A

cisterns and t-tubules

Q

What is the function of the sarcolemma

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A

calcium store

Q

Describe smooth muscle

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A

single nucleus, unbranched, X striations

Q

What is the contraction of smooth muscle

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A

involuntary

Q

What is present in smooth muscle

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A

actin, myosin inbetween Z bodies

Q

What is the structure of cardiac muscle

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A

striated, intercalated discs

Q

What are intercalated discs

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A

biological rivets

Q

Describe cardiac myocytes

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A

functional syncytium

Q

How do cardiac myocytes contract?

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A

rapid succession, contract large population of cells at once

What makes up skeletal and cardiac muscle

filaments - myosin, actin

What are the bands in sarcomeres

Z, A and I

What is the I band

light, actin only

What is the A band

dark, actin and mysoin

What is the functional unit of a filament

sarcomere

What is myosin made of

light and heavy molecular weight meromyosin

What does tropomyosin wrap around

F actin

What happens when calcium interacts with troponin

conformational shape change - exposes binding site

Describe cytosolic calcium levels

low

What do action potentials release from the sacroplasmic reticulum

calcium

What does the presence of calcium and ATP prevent

continual muscle contraction