Metabolism And Respiration

Question 1

Where does the majority of our energy we use to function come from?

Answer 1

Glucose

Question 2

What process do we use to release energy from glucose?

Answer 2

Cellular respiration

Question 3

Definition of cellular respiration

Answer 3

An exothermic reaction which transfers energy from glucose and is continuously occurring in living cells

Question 4

What are the three ways organism use energy?

Answer 4

1. Build larger molecules from smaller ones, eg amino acids to protein.
2. Muscular contraction, so we can move about.
3. Maintaining our body temperature.

Question 5

Definition of metabolism

Answer 5

All the chemicals processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

Question 6

Which is the more common type of respiration?

Answer 6

Aerobic

Question 7

Is aerobic respiration efficient or not?

Answer 7

The most efficient way to transfer energy from glucose.

Question 8

Where does aerobic respiration take place? (Sub cellular structure)

Answer 8

Mitochondria

Question 9

Word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 9

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + Water

Question 10

Symbol equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 10

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 11

We use anaerobic respiration when

Answer 11

We can’t get enough oxygen to our tissues, to keep up with the demands of aerobic respiration

Question 12

Anaerobic respiration lacks

Answer 12

Oxygen

Question 13

Word equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 13

Glucose -> Lactic acid + Energy released

Question 14

Why is anaerobic respiration inefficient?

Answer 14

1. Incomplete breakdown of the glucose molecule because there’s no oxygen to oxidise it, not unlocking all the energy in the glucose molecule.
2. Lactic acid build up has to be removed.

Question 15

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast is

Answer 15

Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

Question 16

Fermentation in yeast is also called

Answer 16

Anaerobic respiration

Question 17

What do our bodies need to do more when we exercise and why?

Answer 17

Carry out more cellular respiration, because our muscles have to move a lot more then usual, this requires energy which we get from respiration.

Question 18

Why does our breathing rate and volume of breath increase when we exercise?

Answer 18

We need more oxygen in our muscles.

Question 19

What is the downside of breathing quicker and with greater volume?

Answer 19

Lung muscles need more energy itself

Question 20

Why does the heart rate increase during exercise?

Answer 20

Heart needs to pump oxygen around the body quicker, this requires more energy.

Question 21

How does the body get rid of lactic acid?

Answer 21

Reacting it with oxygen.

Question 22

Definition of oxygen debt.

Answer 22

Oxygen needed to get rid of the lactic acid in our body which is produced when we anaerobically respire.

Question 23

How does oxygen debt work?

Answer 23

• Our blood carries the lactic acid from the muscles to the liver
• It reacts with oxygen and is converted back to glucose

Question 24

Which atoms make up carbohydrates?

Answer 24

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen

Question 25

Simple sugars eg glucose join together (synthesis) to form

Answer 25

Complex carbohydrates eg glycogen and starch

Question 26

How do complex carbohydrates get broken down?

Answer 26

By breaking the chemical bonds between the monomers into simple carbohydrates - Eg starch can be broken down into glucose molecules

Question 27

What are proteins made out of?

Answer 27

Long chains of amino acids bonded together

Question 28

What atoms make up amino acids?

Answer 28

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 29

Lipids are both

Answer 29

Fats and oils

Question 30

Is a fat solid or liquid at room temperature?

Answer 30

Solid

Question 31

Is an oil solid or liquid at room temperature?

Answer 31

Liquid

Question 32

Lipids contain ___ glycerol molecule attached to _____ fatty acid molecules

Answer 32

One, Three

Question 33

Which atoms make up lipids?

Answer 33

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 34

Carbohydrates and proteins are ______ whilst lipids are _____

Answer 34

Polymers, not polymers