Metabolism & its hormones Flashcards
U4L6 (10 cards)
Where is the Thyroid gland located?
The thyroid gland is located below the larynx.
What are the two hormones the thyroid is primarily responsible for?
Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
T4 stimulates the breakdown of glucose and other nutrients.
More T4 = Faster metabolism
What is the feedback loop of the metabolism?
Low Metabolic rate -> Hypothalamus detects this -> Hypothalamus releases TRH -> Pituitary releases TSH -> Thyroxine secreted by thyroid -> glucose gets broken down more at a faster rate.
What is Calcitonin?
Calcitonin is a hormone that deposits calcium into the bones. It is triggered when more calcium than normal is in the blood.
What’s a goiter?
Its caused by low/no thyroxine production (T4). This happens when the patient has no iodine.
More TSH is secreted, but the thyroid does not make T4 which ends up making the thyroid to enlarge due to more cells being present.
What’s hyperthyroidism?
Too much thyroxine being produced.
Causes insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension, heat intolerance and weight loss.
what’s hypothyroidism?
not enough thyroxine being produced which means glucose gets broken down at a slower rate.
causes muscle weakness, cold intolerance and dry skin
What is the parathyroid gland?
4 pea shapes glands located in the back of the neck near the thyroid. it regulates calcium levels in the blood.
what is PTH?
Parathyroid hormone reabsorbs calcium into the blood. It targets bones, kidneys and intestines and is secreted when calcium levels are low.
hypocalcemia can occur if parathyroid glands are removed or destroyed.
tetany can occur (random spasms).
what is growth hormone?
GH is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
it promotes protein synthesis by increasing AA uptake from the cells.
promoted elongation of the bones
