Metabolism of Unsaturated FAs & Eicosanoids

Question 1

What are the 3 characteristics of PUFAs

Answer 1

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Question 2

What are the 4 biological functions of PUFA

Answer 2

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Question 3

Give examples of PUFAs with their class and structure - essential

Answer 3

Linoleic acid
-Linolenic acid
Arachidonic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid

Question 4

What are the essential PUFAs

Answer 4

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Question 5

From what sources can we obtain Linoleic acid

Answer 5

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Question 6

From what sources can we obtain Arachidonic acid

Answer 6

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Question 7

Which essential PUFAs can still be synthesised in the body

Answer 7

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Question 8

From what sources can we obtain Eicosapentaenoic acid & Docosahexaenoic acid

Answer 8

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Question 9

From what sources can we obtain α- Linolenic acid

Answer 9

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Question 10

What is the required uptake of PUFA

Answer 10

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Question 11

How common is the deficiency of PUFA

Answer 11

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Question 12

What are the symptoms of PUFA deficiency

Answer 12

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Question 13

What is the role of ω3-OPUFA (Omega-3 FA)

Answer 13

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Question 14

What are the 6 effects of ω3-OPUFA

Answer 14

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Question 15

What is the antiatherogenic effect of ω3-OPUFA

Answer 15

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Question 16

What is the Antiaggregation effect of ω3-OPUFA

Answer 16

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Question 17

What is the Anti-inflammatory effect of ω3-OPUFA

Answer 17

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Question 18

What is the Antiaritomogenic effect of ω3-OPUFA

Answer 18

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Question 19

What is the protective endothelium effect of ω3-OPUFA

Answer 19

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Question 20

What is the lipotrophic effect of ω3-OPUFA

Answer 20

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Question 21

In what diseases are ω3-OPUFAs given as a diet supplement

Answer 21

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Question 22

How are PUFA/MUFA synthesised (link to synthesis of FA)

Answer 22

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Question 23

How are Eicosanoids formed

Answer 23

made by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are, similar to arachidonic acid, 20 carbon units in length

Question 24

What are the 2 pathways Eicosanoids can go through

Answer 24

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Question 25

Describe the Cyclooxygenase pathway of Eicosanoids

Answer 25

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Question 26

Describe the Lipoxygenase pathway of Eicosanoids

Answer 26

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Question 27

What is the structure of Prostaglandin E2

Answer 27

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Question 28

What is the structure of Thromboxane A2

Answer 28

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Question 29

What is the structure of Leukotriene A4

Answer 29

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Question 30

What are the enzymes in the synthesis of prostanoids

Answer 30

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Question 31

Describe the activity and isoenzymes of Cyclooxygenase

Answer 31

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Question 32

Describe the Isoenzyme COX 1 for prostanoid synthesis

Answer 32

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Question 33

Describe the Isoenzyme COX2 for prostanoid synthesis

Answer 33

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Question 34

What inhibits the isoenzymes COX1,2 during prostanoid synthesis

Answer 34

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Question 35

What are the two groups of enzymes involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes and lipoxyns

Answer 35

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Question 36

What are the different lipoxygenases in the synthesis of leukotrienes and lipoxyns

Answer 36

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Question 37

What are the biological functions of prostanoids

Answer 37

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Question 38

Where are prostanoids synthesised

Answer 38

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Question 39

Describe the metabolism of prostanoids

Answer 39

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Question 40

What are the roles of the eicosanoids from arachidonic acid

Answer 40

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Question 41

What are the roles of eicosanoids from EPA

Answer 41

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Question 42

What is the effect of Prostaglandin E2 - vasodilation, bronchodilation, motility of uterus, motility of GIT, secretion of stomach secrets, release of Na+ with urine, formation of steroids, lipolysis in adipose tissue (increase of cAMP)

Answer 42

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Question 43

What is the effect of Prostaglandin F2alpha - vasodilation, bronchodilation, motility of uterus, motility of GIT, secretion of stomach secrets, release of Na+ with urine, formation of steroids, lipolysis in adipose tissue (increase of cAMP)

Answer 43

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Question 44

What is the effect of Thromboxane A2 - where is it synthesised, platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, blood clotting, angiogenesis, carcinogenesis, apoptosis, inflammatory response

Answer 44

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Question 45

What is the effect of Prostacyclin PGI2 - where is it synthesised, platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, blood clotting, angiogenesis, carcinogenesis, apoptosis, inflammatory response

Answer 45

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Question 46

What are leukotrienes

Answer 46

family of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators produced in leukocytes by the oxidation of arachidonic acid

Question 47

Where are leukotrienes synthesised

Answer 47

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Question 48

What is the function of leukotrienes

Answer 48

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Question 49

What is the function of Leukotriene B4

Answer 49

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Question 50

What is the function of Leukotriene C4,D4,E4

Answer 50

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Question 51

What is the function of 5-LOX (Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase),

Answer 51

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Question 52

What is the function of 15-LOX, Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase

Answer 52

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Question 53

What is the function of 12-LOX, Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase

Answer 53

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