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PHIL 1301 > Metaphysics Exam Review > Flashcards

Metaphysics Exam Review Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

The view that things (or, at the extreme, all things) are alive. It may also be the view that the universe as a whole is one organism

A

Animism

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2
Q

The study of the origins of the universe, Greek Kosmogonia (from Kosmos + Gonos offspring)

A

Cosmogony

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3
Q

The study of the universe and asks questions about how substance came into being and where substances are located

A

Cosmology

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4
Q

Doing the right thing in spite of your fear

A

Courage

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5
Q

The view that every event in the universe is dependent upon other events, which are its causes. On this view, all human actions and decisions, even those that we would normally describe as “free” and “undetermined,” are totally dependent on prior events that caused them

A

Determinism

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6
Q

In general, the distinction between mind and body as separate substances, or a very different kinds of states and events with radically different properties

A

Dualism

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7
Q

This is the motion or action that begins the substance 

A

Efficient Cause

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8
Q

This is the form of the substance - the blueprint if you will

A

Formal Cause

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9
Q

This is the function or purpose of the substance

A

Final Cause

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10
Q

An independently existing entity in the world of Being, which determines the nature of the particular things of this world that “participate” in it

A

Form

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11
Q

This is the matter that makes up the substance

A

Material Cause

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12
Q

The metaphysical view that only minds and their ideas exist

A

Idealism

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13
Q

The world is ultimately organized so the world is ultimately laws

A

Immaterialism

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14
Q

Science, art, practical wisdom, intuitive reason, philosophical wisdom, understanding, judgment

A

Intellectual Virtues

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15
Q

Abstraction, then understanding

A

Intelligible Things

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16
Q

Setting the world right

A

Justice

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17
Q

The world, at its base, is made of stuff

A

Materialism

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18
Q

Stuff of the universe

A

Matter

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19
Q

The simple immaterial substances that are the ultimate constituents of all reality

A

Monad

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20
Q

That which makes up the universe is reducible to a single item

A

Monism

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21
Q

Courage, temperance, liberality, magnificence, pride, ambition, good temper, friendliness, truthfulness, ready wit, justice

A

Moral Virtues

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22
Q

The study of being

What is the universe made of?

Cosmology and Cosmogony

A

Ontology

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23
Q

The belief that God is identical to the universe as a whole, everything is divine, or that God is in everything

A

Pantheism

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24
Q

That which makes up the universe is reduceable to many (two) items

A

Pluralism

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25
is that which stands alone. It is independent being. A horse, a tree and a human
Primary Substances
26
There must be a reason for everything. Even God must have a reason for creating
The Principle of Sufficient Reason (Lecture)
27
No 2 things can possibly have all of the same properties or be absolutely identical in all respects
Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles
28
What Aristotle called the “species” and “genus” to which a thing belongs in these are less real
Secondary Substances
29
Both form and matter
Substance
30
The universe as a whole and all things in it have a purpose, a goal
Teleology
31
Responding properly to the world
Temperance
32
There is an ___ underlying all individual selves and things that is beyond our ‘normal’ capacity to grasp — understand
Unity
33
They exist in a separate realm beyond our natural senses, described as metaphysical realism
Universal
34
That noble part of us that is praised, admired, and sought after. The means by which the good is reached. It is, in part, the moral component of metaphysics
Virtue
35
Images only, and then personal examination
Visible Things
36
Knowledge rightly applied
Wisdom
37
- What is the nature of reality? - What are the basic ways of being? What are the fundamental components of reality? What is it to exist (as opposed to not exist)
2 Major Divisions of Metaphysics
38
The first Greek thinker to Break with common sense and religion and offer a general theory about the ultimate nature of reality
Thales
39
Wisdom, courage, and temperance, in proper proportion with wisdom in charge, pointed toward the good, produces justice
The Goal of Philosophy for the Individual
40
- Wisdom - Courage - Temperance - Justice
The 4 Socratic Virtues
41
- Moral Virtues | - Intellectual Virtues
Categories of Virtues
42
Was foundational in establishing the integrated philosophical enterprise
Plato’s Contribution
43
- Numbers and math | - “we need a universal language”
Pythagoras
44
- Logos and chaos | - made Plato a dualist
Heraclitus
45
- Humanist | - philosophy must always include ethics
Socrates
46
- the universe is a single, unknowable, changing thing | - Knowledge has to be eternal and unchanging
Parmenides
47
- Pythagoras - Heraclitus - Socrates - Parmenides
Influences on Plato
48
Begins with education through play
Plato’s 1st Step for Education
49
Arithmetic, plane geometry, solid geometry, astronomy, and harmonics
Plato’s 2nd Step for Education
50
Dialectic. After they demonstrate a certain level of maturity
Plato’s 3rd Step for Education
51
Practice argument and dialectic lead a life of service
Plato’s 4th Step for Education
52
Inquire about the nature of the universals — the good
Plato’s 5th Step for Education
53
1. Social 2. Science 3. Dialectic 4. Life of Service 5. Nature of universals — the good
Plato’s 5 Step Process of Coming to Knowledge
54
- Cosmology | - Cosmogony
The 2 Metaphysical Components
55
1. Understanding — Forms 2. Thought — Abstraction 3. Belief — Object 4. Imagination — Images
The 4 Divisions of the Divided Line
56
First to distinguish branches of inquiry
Aristotle
57
The thing that is properly referred to by a noun
Aristotle’s 1st Description of Substance
58
What underlies all Of the properties and changes in something
Aristotle’s 2nd Description for Substance
59
What is essential
Aristotle’s 3rd Description for Substance
60
- Material Cause - Efficient Cause - Final Cause - Formal Cause
The 4 Aristotelian Causes
61
That which makes basic life possible (plant or animal)
Nutritive
62
That which gives a substance it’s passions, will, desires, etc.
Appetitive
63
The ability to receive and respond to sense data
Sensitive
64
That which enables a substance to move by its own volition
Locomotive
65
That unique quality in humanity to think, imagine, abstract
Rational
66
- Nutritive - Appetitive - Sensitive - Locomotive - Rational
Aristotelian Powers or the Soul
67
- Memory - Language - Imagination - Will - Reason - Perception - Emotion
Functions of the Mind
68
Presupposed space was a permanent container in time exist apart from anything happening in it
Newton
69
Believed that, since only monads are real substances, and ‘space’ is simply the relation of objects not something-in-itself; ditto for time
Leibniz
70
A radical determinist, assures us that we can, with heroic effort, understand the nature of this determinism and accepted gracefully
Spinoza
71
Can be created or destroyed but not by “natural” means
Leibniz’s Monads
72
Has a further implication: it serves as a principal of divine ethics
The Principle of Sufficient Reason (Textbook)
73
Aristotle’s conception of substance is divided into 2 sorts of universe - Minds - Bodies God is a third substance
The Center of Descartes’ Metaphysics
74
The most important of the Buddha’s teachings
The Four Noble Truths
75
All existence is suffering
First Noble Truth
76
The root of suffering is desire, attachment, and personal clinging
Second Noble Truth
77
there is a way to eliminate desire, and thereby eliminate suffering, namely, nibbana
Third Noble Truth
78
The way to this supreme good is The Eightfold Noble Path
Fourth Noble Truth
79
Thought, resolve, speech, conduct, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration or meditation
The Eightfold Noble Path

PHIL 1301 (3 decks)

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