Mevalonate 3 Flashcards
(614 cards)
Typifies the fundamental structure of the steroids
Cholesterol
Steroidal surface-active agents with soap-like properties
Steroidal saponins
Steroidal agents which have the ability to cause foaming and hemolyze blood cells
Steroidal saponins
Monocotyledonous family sources of steroidal saponins
Dioscoreaceae
Agavaceae
Liliaceae
3 characteristic features of steroidal saponins
Spiroketal at C-22
Common configuration at C-22
Sugar residues on 3ß-hydroxyl
5 steroidal saponins
Diosgenin Yamogenin/hecogenin Solasodine/tomatidine Smilagenin/sarsasapogenin Tigogenin/neotigogenin
Used to strengthen a weakened heart and allow it to function more efficiently
Cardioactive glycosides
Treatment of dropsy, an accumulation of water in the body tissues
Cardioactive glycosides
Therapeutic action of cardioactive glycosides depends on _____& on _____
Structure of the aglycone
Type & number of sugar units attached
Plants where cardioactive glycosides are confined to
Angiosperms
Aglycone more common than bufadienolides
Cardenolides
2 types of aglycone
Cardenolides
Bufadienolides
Aglycone with 23-C compounds
Cardenolides
Example of cardenolide
Digitoxigenin
Source of digitoxigenin
Digitalis purpurea
Example of bufadienolides
Hellebrigenin
Aglycone with 24-C compounds
Bufadienolides
Source of hellebrigenin
Helleborus niger
4 characteristic features of cardioactive glycosides
Cis-fusion of A/B and C/D rings
14ß-hydroxyl
Unsaturated lactone at C-17ß
Sugar residues on 3ß-hydroxyl
Family sources of cardenolides
Apocynaceae (Strophantus)
Liliaceae (Convallaria)
Scrophulariaceae (Digitalis)
Asclepiaceae (Asclepias syriaca)
Family sources of bufadienolides
Liliaceae (Urginea)
Ranunculaceae (Helleborus)
7 Examples of cardenolides
Digitoxigenin Gitoxigenin Gitaloxigenin Digoxigenin Diginatigenin Strophantidin Ouabigenin
5 examples of bufadienolides
Scillarenin Scillirosidin Hellebrigenin Bufalin 19-norbufalin
Precursor of hellebrigenin via 5ß hydroxylation and C19 oxidation
Bufalin