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Ph Ch 128 3rd Exam > Mevalonate 4 > Flashcards

Mevalonate 4 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Tetraterpene skeleton;

Tail-to-tail coupling of 2 molecules of geranylgeranyl PP

A

Phytoene

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2
Q

Cyclopropyl compound;

Intermediate in formation of tetraterpenes

A

Prephytoene diphosphate

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3
Q

Widely distributed group of lipid-soluble pigments or lipochromic pigments

A

Carotenoids

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4
Q

Extends the range of light absorbed by the photosynthetic apparatus

A

Accessory harvesting pigments

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5
Q

Protectants for plants and algae against photooxidative damage

A

Carotenoids

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6
Q

2 principal functns of carotenoids in plants

A

Accessory pigments

Coloring matters

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7
Q

2 groups of carotenoids

A

Simple unsaturated hydrocarbons

Xanthophylls

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8
Q

Long chain of 8 isoprene units giving a completely conjugated system of alternate double bonds

A

Lycopene

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9
Q

Source of lycopene

A

Ripe tomato fruit, Lycopersicon esculente (Fam. Solanaceae)

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10
Q

Gives characteristic color of carrots;
Coloring agents;
Antioxidant in humans

A

ß-carotene

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11
Q

Has ß-ring at one end of the chain and an E-type at the other

A

Alpha-carotene

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12
Q

Carotenoid lacking symmetry

A

Alpha-carotene

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13
Q

Precursor of ß-carotene

A

Gamma-carotene

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14
Q

Precursor of alpha-carotene

A

Delta-carotene

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15
Q

Oxygenated derivatives of carotenes

A

Xanthophylls

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16
Q

Hydroxyl groups can exist either free or esterified

A

Hydroxylated carotenoids

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17
Q

Examples of hydroxylated carotenoids

A

Cryptoxanthin
Lutein
Zeaxanthin

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18
Q

Carotenoid pigment with vit. A activity

A

Cryptoxanthins

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19
Q

One of the most widespread carotenoid alcohols in nature that does not possess vit. A potency;
From egg yolk, nettles, feathers of birds

A

Lutein

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20
Q

Occurs together with lutein;
From yellow corn;
No vit. A potency

A

Zeaxanthin

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21
Q

Lycopene derivatives substituted at position 1

A

Methoxylated carotenoids

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22
Q

Example of methoxylated carotenoid

A

Rhodovibrin

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23
Q

Examples of oxocarotenoids

A

Capsanthin

Rhodoxanthin

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24
Q

Responsible for the brilliant red pigment of peppers

A

Capsanthin

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25
Source of capsanthin
Capsicum annuum L. (Fam. Solanaceae)
26
Other name for rhodoxanthin
Retrodehydro-ß-carotene
27
Isolated from arils of Taxus baccata and feathers of birds
Rhodoxanthin
28
Exists in nature as 5,6- and 5,8 epoxides
Epoxycarotenoids
29
Examples of epoxycarotenoids
Violaxanthin Flavoxanthin Luteochromes
30
Carotenoid with 5,6-epoxide
Violaxanthin
31
Source of violaxanthin
Yellow pansies, Viola tricolor
32
Carotenoid with 5,8-epoxide
Flavoxanthin
33
Source of flavoxanthin
Ranunculus acris L. (Fam. Ranunculaceae)
34
Contains both 5,6- and 5,8-epoxide
Luteochrome
35
Other name for luteochrome
ß,ß-carotene diepoxide
36
Source of luteochrome
Ipomoea batatas Lam.
37
Carotenoids without ring structure; | Carboxylated carotenoids
Carboxycarotenoids
38
Carotenoid carboxylic acid used as natural food colorant
Bixin
39
Trans form of bixin
Isobixin
40
Source of bixin
Bixa orellana L. (Fam. Bixaceae)
41
Source of isobixin
Aristolochia cymbifera Mart. (Fam. Aristolochiaceae)
42
Carotenoid dicarboxylic acid
Crocetin
43
Source of crocetin
Crocus luteus Lam. (Fam. Iridaceae)
44
Plays a key role in vision and controlling animal growth
Vitamin A
45
Rich sources of vitamin A
Cod-live oil | Halibut-liver oil
46
Vitamin A1
Retinol
47
Vitamin A2
Dehydroretinol
48
Act as signaling molecules which regulate diverse aspects of cell differentiation, embryonic dev't, growth and vision
Vitamin A
49
A red visual pigment which is light-sensitive
Rhodopsin
50
Has a diterpene structure; | Cleavage occurs in mucosal cell of intestines
Retinol
51
Catalyze cleavage in mucosal cells to yield aldehyde
Oxygen-dependent dioxygenase
52
Reduction of aldehyde yields ____
Alcohol
53
Light-absorbing pigment molecule
11-cis retinal
54
Why is 11-cis retinal a powerful absorber?
Because it is a polyene
55
2 types of cleavage
Central | Excentric
56
Converts ß-carotene into 2 molecules of retinal; | Occurs in central double bond
Central cleavage
57
Cleavage occuring at other double bonds
Excentric cleavage
58
Analogue of retinol containing a cyclohexadiene ring system
Dehydroretinol
59
Denydroretinol + opsin
Porphyropsin
60
Visual pigment in freshwater fish
Porphyropsin
61
Vit. A + opsin
Rhodopsin
62
Derivatives of retinol which act like steroid hormones
Retinoids
63
Interacts with specific receptor proteins in the cell nucleus; Ligand-receptor complexes bind to specific DNA sequences where they control transcription
Retinoids
64
Other name for tretinoin
Retinoic acid
65
Other name for isotretinoin
13-cis-retinoic acid
66
Retinoids used as topical or oral treatments for acne vulgaris
Tretinoin and isotretinoin
67
Aromatic analogues of vit. A which can give relief in severe cases of psoriasis
Acitrein and etretinate
68
Plant growth regulator derived in plants by an indirect route which involves oxidative cleavage of a carotenoid
Abscisic acid
69
Major precursor of abscisic acid
All-trans-violaxanthin
70
1000 to 100,000 isoprene units
Rubber
71
Possess an extended array of cis double bond
Rubber
72
Source of rubber
Hevea brasiliensis (Fam. Euphorbiaceae)
73
Higher terpenoid with trans double bond
Gutta Percha
74
Source of Gutta Percha
Palaquim gutta (Fam. Sapotaceae)
75
Represented by carotenoids
Tetraterpenes

Ph Ch 128 3rd Exam (4 decks)

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