Micro 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the 2 zones of the respiratory tract?
conducting zone (nasal cavity to bronchioles) and respiratory zone (alveoli - gas exchange)
What is the mucociliary escalator?
a defense mechanism where cilia move mucus (and trapped pathogens) up and out of the airways
What immune cell is found in the alveoli and engulfs pathogens?
alveolar macrophages
Which respiratory system (upper or lower) is free of resident microbiota?
lower respiratory system
Which organism requires X factor and V factor is survive?
Haemophilus Spp.
What organism is known for fermenting lactate and reducing nitrate in the nose?
Veillonella Spp.
What is the causative agent of strep throat?
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep.)
What are the virulence factors of streptococcus pyogenes
- M protein (c3b inhibitor)
- Hyaluronic acid capsule
- Streptokinases
- C5a peptidase
- Pyrogenic (erthrogenic) toxins
- Streptolysin O
What serious complication can follow untreated strep throat?
Scarlet fever or Rheumatic Fever
What test is used to rapidly diagnose strep throat?
Rapid antigen detection test (RADT)
What causes diphtheria?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
What toxin is produced in diphtheria and how does it work?
AB toxin and it inhibits protein synthesis
What is a hallmark symptom of diphtheria?
Pseudomembrane formation in the throat
How is diphtheria prevented?
DTaP vaccine
What virus is the most common cause of the common cold?
Rhinovirus
What receptor does rhinovirus bind to?
ICAM-1 on nasal epithelial cells
Which virus is associated with pharyngitis and conjunctivitis in children?
adenovirus
What virus causes mononucleosis (mono)?
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Which virus can cause severe fatigue and swollen lymph nodes?
EBV (HHV-4)
Which pharyngitis usually involves cough?
Viral pharyngitis
Which pharyngitis presents with exudative tonsils and no vough?
Bacterial
Which cause of sore throat may lead to a “strawberry tongue” and rash?
Scarlet fever
What receptor does adenoviruses bind to?
CAR membrane receptors
What are the 4 groups of coronavirus?
alpha, beta, gamma, delta
