Micro

Question 1

(adult/pediatric) UTI: dysuria, frequency, urgency

Answer 1

adult

Question 2

(adult/pediatric) UTI: tenderness in lower abd w/ inadequate urine flow

Answer 2

peds

Question 3

CFU/mL is always diagnostic and is obtained by _____ urine culture

Answer 3

semiquantitative

Question 4

_____ causes 75-90% of UTIs, all others are opportunistic

Answer 4

uropathogenic E coli

Question 5

(Enterococci/Enterobacteriacae) are gamma-proteobacteria (Gram - rods)

Answer 5

Enterobacteriacae

Question 6

(Enterococci/Enterobacteriacae) are Gram + cocci that grow in chains, drug resistant

Answer 6

enterococci

Question 7

Enterobacteriaceae are (facultative anaerobes/obligate aerobes) and mostly normal GI flora

Answer 7

facultative anaerobes

Question 8

____ use virulence factor P type I fimbrae to attach to uroepithelial cells and work their way up the tract

Answer 8

uropathogenic E coli

Question 9

atypical UTIs are opportunists; sequels of UT procedures/catheters, diabetes, or ___

Answer 9

sepsis

Question 10

encapsulated (Klebsiella/Enterobacter/Serratia) can cause dangerous hemorrhagic PNA in alcoholic men

Answer 10

Klebsiella

Question 11

(Klebsiella/Enterobacter/Serratia) can become “panresistant”

Answer 11

Enterobacter

Question 12

(Klebsiella/Enterobacter/Serratia) can cause endocarditis in heroin addicts

Answer 12

Serratia

Question 13

proteus/providencia/morganella: cause UTIs with ____ stones using urease virulence factor

Answer 13

struvite

Question 14

proteus/providencia/morganella: attach with ____

Answer 14

fimbrae

Question 15

(enterobacteriacae/enterococci) cause UTIs, endocarditis, contribute to polymicrobial intra-abdominal infections

Answer 15

enterococci

Question 16

treat cystitis (uncomplicated UTI) with (sulfa or fluoroquinolone/third gen or combined drugs and antibiotic sensitivity testing)

Answer 16

sulfa or fluoroquinolone

Question 17

treat pyelonephritis with (sulfa or fluoroquinolone/third gen or combined drugs and antibiotic sensitivity testing)

Answer 17

third gen or combined, AB testing

Question 18

when is cranberry juice helpful in treating UTI

Answer 18

early on, when microbial numbers are still low

Question 19

(transplant rejection/graft v host dz): T cells in the transplant attack the recipient’s tissues

Answer 19

graft v host. when hematopoietic cells are transplanted

Question 20

(transplant rejection/graft v host dz): when recipient’s T cells attack the transplant

Answer 20

transplant rejection (kidney)

Question 21

MC transplant

Answer 21

blood

Question 22

(hyperacute/acute/chronic) rejection: caused by preformed antibodies that react to the transplanted organ

Answer 22

hyperacute

Question 23

MC antigen attacked in hyperacute rejection

Answer 23

ABO blood (may have HLA)

Question 24

when the serum of a recipient is tested against a panel of leukocytes from many individuals to detect the presence of antibodies to HLA

Answer 24

panel reactive antibody, presented as a percentage from 0-100%

Question 25

(hyperacute/acute/chronic) rejection: when T cells from the recipient become reactive against the transplant over days to weeks

Answer 25

acute

Question 26

(hyperacute/acute/chronic) rejection: stronger response is to donor cells expressing class II MHC, indirect response with presentation by host APCs

Answer 26

acute

Question 27

most immune suppression therapies are directed toward inhibiting (hyperacute/acute/chronic) rejection

Answer 27

acute

Question 28

(hyperacute/acute/chronic) rejection: primarily the result of indirect recognition of the transplant, often assoc with presence of antibodies to HLA class I

Answer 28

chronic, HLA class I seem to act on the vasculature of the graft

Question 29

(hyperacute/acute/chronic) rejection: vascular damage by class I HLA

Answer 29

chronic

Question 30

four tests for compatibility done at transplantation

Answer 30

ABO, HLA I and II, find match on computer, cross match on all positive sera from antibody serum

Question 31

The _____ _____ reaction measures the ability recipient cells to respond to donor MHC antigens. The T cell response is measured by cell division.

Answer 31

mixed lymphocyte

Question 32

Anti-___ antibody testing done monthly, used for cross matching against donor lymphocytes

Answer 32

HLA-ABC