path images Flashcards
(162 cards)
1
Q
A
normal glomerulus
2
Q
Potter sequence: pulm hypoplasia and what shown in pic
A
bilat renal agenesis
3
Q
A
horseshoe kidney
4
Q
immature glomeruli, tubules, and cartilage are surrounded by loose, undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue
A
renal dysplasia
5
Q
A
multicystic renal dysplasia (does not have a reniform shape)
6
Q
MOI of this polycystic kidney disease
A
autosomal dominant
7
Q
MOI of this polycystic kidney disease
A
autosomal recessive
8
Q
this disease causes 90% of primary nephrotic syndrome cases in children younger than 5, 50% in older children, and 15% in adults
A
minimal change disease (no abnormality on light microscopy)
9
Q
finding in minimal change disease on electron micrograph
A
effacement of foot processes
10
Q
A
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
11
Q
A
HIV assoc nephropathy
12
Q
glomerulus is slightly enlarged and shows diffuse thickening of capillary walls, there is no hypercellularity
A
membranous glomerulonephritis
13
Q
silver stain reveals multiple “spikes” diffusely distributed in the glomerular capillary basement membranes
A
membranous glomerulonephritis
14
Q
IF shows granular deposits of IgG outlining the glomerular capillary loops
A
membranous glomerulonephritis
15
Q
increase in mesangial matrix forming several nodular lesions. Dilation of glomerular capillaries, some basement membranes are thickened
A
diabetic glomerulosclerosis
16
Q
EM shows nodular aggregate of basement membrane-like material (BMM). Peripheral capillary (C) demonstrates diffuse basement membrane widening
A
advanced diabetic glomerulosclerosis
17
Q
amorphous acellular material expands the mesangial areas and obstructs glomerular capillaries
A
amyloid nephropathy
18
Q
Congo red stain under polarized light shows characteristic apple green birefringence
A
amyloid nephropathy
19
Q
deposits of fibrils in a glomerulus adjacent to podocyte cytoplasm with effaced foot processes
A
amyloid nephropathy
20
Q
lamina densa of glomerular BM is laminated rather than forming a single dense band
A
hereditary nephritis aka Alport syndrome
21
Q
masson trichrome stain, may contain neutrophils
A
acute post-strep glomerulonephritis
22
Q
EM shows numerous subepithelial humps (arrows) and mesangial hypercellularity (arrowheads). Capillary lumina (L) are markedly narrowed
A
acute post infectious glomerulonephritis
23
Q
IF shows granular staining for C3 in capillary walls and mesangium
A
acute post infectious glomerulonephritis
24
Q
glomerular lobulation is accentuated, increased cells and matrix in mesangium, thickening of capillary walls
A
type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
25
double contour BM (arrows) with mesangial interposition (arrowhead) and prominent subendothelial deposits
Type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
26
IF shows granular to band-like staining for C3 in the capillary walls and mesangium
type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
27
arrows point to a small crescent, C3 glomerulopathy
dense deposit disease
28
thickening of BM with intramembranous dense deposits
C3 glomerulopathy, dense deposit disease
29
bands of capillary wall staining and coarsely granular mesangial staining for C3
C3 glomerulopathy, dense deposit disease
30
segmental endocapillary hypercellularity (arrows) and thickening of capillary walls (arrowhead)
proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis
31
large subendothelial and mesangial dense deposits (M) and a few subepithelial (SE) deposits. Endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions (arrows) are present
diffuse proliferative class IV-G lupus glomerulonephritis
32
segmental staining for immunoglobulin G in the capillary walls and mesangium
diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis
33
deposits of IgA in mesangial areas
IgA nephropathy
34
segmental mesangial hypercellularity and matrix expansion caused by the mesangial immune deposits (periodic acid-Schiff stain)
IgA nephropathy
35
linear IF for IgG is seen along the GBM
anti glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis
36
Bowman space is filled by a cellular crescent (between arrows)
crescentic anti GBM glomerulonephritis
37
segmental fibrinoid necrosis. in time, this lesion stimulates crescent formation
antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody glomerulonephritis
38
silver stain shows focal disruption of glomerular BMs and crescent formation within the Bowman space
antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody glomerulonephritis
39
conspicuous glassy aggregates (hyaline thrombi, arrows) in the capillary lumina and subendothelial spaces
Cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis
40
vasculitis. fibrinoid necrosis and inflammation involve an interlobular artery in the renal cortex
antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody necrotizing arteritis
41
kidney is reduced in size and cortical surface exhibits fine granularity
hypertensive nephrosclerosis
42
three arterioles with hyaline sclerosis (arrow)
hypertensive nephrosclerosis
43
arcuate artery with fibrotic intimal thickening causing narrowing of the lumen (arrow)
hypertensive nephrosclerosis
44
one glomerulus with global sclerosis (arrow) and one with segmental sclerosis (arrowhead). also tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and chronic inflam
hypertensive nephrosclerosis
45
red fibrinoid necrosis (arrow) in the wall of the arteriole on teh righ and clear edematous expansion (arrowhead) in the intima of the interlobular artery on the left
malignant hypertensive nephropathy
46
\_\_\_\_\_\_ obstructing an arcuate artery, note cholesterol clefts
atheroembolus
47
capillary lumens (large arrowhead) are obliterated by swollen endothelial cells (arrows), mesangial vacuolization is shown (small double arrowheads)
preeclampsia
48
renal infarcts (areas of pallor)
49
necrosis of individual tubular epithelial cells is evident both from focal denudation of the tubular BM (thick arrows) and from the individual necrotic epithelial cells (thin arrows) present in some tubular lumina. casts fill many tubules
ischemic acute tubular injury
50
widespread necrosis of proximal tubular (P) epithelial cells, with sparing of distal and collecting tubules (D)
toxic acute tubular necrosis due to mercury poisoning
51
extensive infiltrate of neutrophils in collecting tubules and interstitial tissue
acute pyelonephritis
52
dilated renal pelvis and dilated calyces secondary to UT obstruction. papillae are all necrotic and appear as sharply demarcated, ragged, yellowish areas
papillary necrosis
53
cortical surface contains many irregular, depressed scars (reddish areas in A). marked dilation of calyces (caliectasis) caused by inflam destruction of papillae, with atrophy and scarring of overlying cortext (B)
chronic pyelonephritis
54
many tubules contain eosinophilic hyaline casts resembling the colloid of thyroid follicles (thyroidization)
tubular dilation and atrophy
55
granulomatous rxn full of foamy histiocytes (arrows), simulates a tumor
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
56
interstitial edema and infiltration by mononuclear leukocytes, with admixed eosinophils
hypersensitivity tubulointerstitial nephritis
57
\_\_\_\_\_ deposits appear as golden streaks in the medulla (arrows)
urate (nephropathy)
58
frozen section demonstrates tubular deposits of ____ acid crystals
uric (urate nephropathy)
59
hydronephrosis and stones that are casts of dilated calyces
staghorn calculi
60
\_\_\_\_\_ due to bilateral UT obstruction
hydronephrosis
61
preformed antibody against recipient antigens causes an immediate in situ reaction with hemorrhage developing due to vascular necrosis
hyperacute rejection
62
staining of peritubular and glomerular capillaries with an anti-C4d Ab showing evidence of complement activation by antibodies directed against donor antigens on endothelial cells
acute antibody mediated allograft rejection
63
acute antibody mediated necrotizing acute vasculitis in an interlobular artery with extensive fibrinoid necrosis of the muscularis, infiltrates of mononuclear leukocytes indicate concurrent acute cellular rejection
acute antibody mediated allograft rejection
64
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ with tubulitis indicated by lymphocytes on the epithelial side of the BM
acute tubulointerstitial cellular rejection
65
with endarteritis indicated by mononuclear leukocytes infiltrating the intima of an arcuate artery
acute cellular vascular rejection
66
the lumen of this medium sized artery is occluded by a thickened intima, which contains a few inflam cells
chronic allograft rejection
67
marked destructive hyalinosis of arterioles due to which drug
cyclosporine nephrotoxicity with arteriolopathy
68
small stellate to polygonal cells in a loose stroma, often an incidental finding on autopsy
medullary fibroma
69
Wilms tumor
70
highly cellular areas of undifferentiated blastema (B), loose stroma (S) containing undiff mesenchymal cells and immature tubules (T), many mitotic figures (arrows)
Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)
71
large irregular neoplasm with a varigated cut surface, yellow areas correspond to lipid-containing cells
clear cell renal cell carcinoma
72
islands of neoplastic cells with abundant clear cytoplasm
clear cell renal carcinoma
73
papillary fronds covered by neoplastic cells
papillary renal cell carcinoma
74
pale acidophilic granular cells with prominent cell borders
chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
75
exstrophy of urinary bladder
76
caused by an indwelling catheter
acute cystitis
77
foci of mucosal hemorrhage
acute cystitis
78
polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltrate mucosa
acute cystitis
79
chronic inflam infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells is present in the edematous lamina propria
chronic cystitis
80
hemorrhagic defect (arrow) in teh edematous mucosa of the posterior wall of the bladder is a Hunner ulcer in what type of cystitis
interstitial cystitis
81
inflam cells are mainly macrophages with fewer lymphocytes, inset shows a michaelis-gutmann body (arrow)
malakoplakia
82
83
(normal bladder mucosa/hyperplasia/cystitis cystica/cystitis glandularis/squamous metaplasia/nephrogenic metaplasia)
normal
84
(normal bladder mucosa/hyperplasia/cystitis cystica/cystitis glandularis/squamous metaplasia/nephrogenic metaplasia)
hyperplasia
85
(normal bladder mucosa/hyperplasia/cystitis cystica/cystitis glandularis/squamous metaplasia/nephrogenic metaplasia)
cystitis cystica, Brunn nests (straight arrows) and cysts (curved arrows) protrude into lamina propria
86
(normal bladder mucosa/hyperplasia/cystitis cystica/cystitis glandularis/squamous metaplasia/nephrogenic metaplasia)
cystitis glandularis. metaplastic glandular mucosa (arrows)
87
(normal bladder mucosa/hyperplasia/cystitis cystica/cystitis glandularis/squamous metaplasia/nephrogenic metaplasia)
squamous metaplasia--keratinizing layer on superficial epithelium
88
(normal bladder mucosa/hyperplasia/cystitis cystica/cystitis glandularis/squamous metaplasia/nephrogenic metaplasia)
nephrogenic metaplasia (arrows)
89
ureteritis cystica--mucosa of proximal ureter exhibits its small cystic structures
90
urothelial mucosa shows nuclear pleomorphism and lack of polarity from basal layer to surface, without evidence of maturation
urothelial carcinoma in situ
91
large exophytic tumor is situated above the bladder neck
urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder
92
(low grade/high grade/invasive) urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
low grade--exophytic papillae with central connective tissue core and are lined by slightly disorganized transitional epithelium
93
(low grade/high grade/invasive) urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
high grade--prominent architectural disorganization of the epithelium, which contains cells with pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei
94
(low grade/high grade/invasive) urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
invasive--irregular nests of hyperchromatic cells invading into the muscularis
95
condylomata acuminata of the penis
96
lesion on penis: epidermal hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, and papillomatosis
condylomata acuminata
97
verrucous carcinoma of the penis--arises on the glans and appears as an exophytic mass
98
this testis removed from a postpubertal man shows a markedly thickened hyalinized basement membrane (arrows) of seminiferous tubules, which show no signs of spermatogenesis (cryptochidism/hypogonadotropic hypogonadism/germ cell aplasia/postirradiation tubular atrophy of the testis)
cryptochidism
99
the testis of this 25yom is composed of immature seminiferous tubules similar to those seen in prepubertal boys (cryptochidism/hypogonadotropic hypogonadism/germ cell aplasia/postirradiation tubular atrophy of the testis)
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
100
the seminiferous tubules are lined by sertoli cells and do not contain germ cells (cryptochidism/hypogonadotropic hypogonadism/germ cell aplasia/postirradiation tubular atrophy of the testis)
germ cell aplasia-Sertoli cell only syndrome
101
seminiferous tubules are hyalinized and there is no evidence of spermatogenesis (cryptochidism/hypogonadotropic hypogonadism/germ cell aplasia/postirradiation tubular atrophy of the testis)
postirradiation tubular atrophy of the testis
102
epidiymal ducts contain numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes
bacterial epididymitis
103
interstitial spaces are infiltrated with mononuclear ells that spill focally into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. inflam has interrupted normal spermatogenesis
viral orchitis
104
seminiferous tubules show no signs of spermatogenesis but instead contain large atypical cells corresponding to intratubular carcinoma in situ
intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN)
105
seminoma
106
nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis
107
\_\_\_\_\_ carcinoma component of a nonseminomatous germ cell tumor
embryonal
108
nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: (yolk sac component/choriocarcinoma component)
yolk sac
109
nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: (yolk sac component/choriocarcinoma component)
choriocarcinoma
110
teratoma
111
Reinke crystals in cytoplasm
leydig cell tumor
112
childhood tumor, Schiller Duval bodies marked by arrows (glomeruloid structures)
yolk sac tumor
113
sertoli cell tumor
114
nodular hyperplasia of the prostate
115
prostate
hyperplastic prostate glands in nodular hyperplasia
116
high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
117
Gleason grade \_
1
118
Gleason grade \_
3
119
Gleason grade \_
5
120
prostatic carcinoma mets to the spine
121
empty sella syndrome
122
pituitary adenoma
123
pituitary _____ adenoma from a man with acromegaly
somatotrope (cords and ribbons tumor cell arrangement)
124
craniopharyngioma
125
marked variation in size of thyroid follicles
nontoxic goiter
126
coronal section of the enlarged thyroid shows numerous irregular nodules, some with cystic and old hemorrhage
nontoxic goiter
127
(hashimoto's/graves')
graves
128
(hashimoto/graves): follicles are lined by hyperplastic, tall columnar cells. colloid is scalloped at the periphery
graves
129
(hashimoto/graves): symmetrically enlarged and coarsely nodular
hashimoto (chronic autoimmune)
130
(hashimoto/graves): chronic inflam infiltrate and many atrophic thyroid follicles
hashimoto
131
(acute/subacute/chronic) thyroiditis: release of colloid into the interstitial tissue has elicited a prominent granulomatous reaction, with numerous foreign body giant cells
subacute
132
\_\_\_\_\_\_ thyroiditis: thyroid parenchyma is largely replaced by dense, hyalinzed fibrous tissue (arrows) and a chronic inflam infiltrate
riedel
133
(colloid/embryonal/fetal/hurthle cell) adenoma. hemorrhage, fibrosis, and cystic change
colloid
134
(colloid/embryonal/fetal/hurthle cell) adenoma. trabecular pattern with poorly formed follicles that contain little if any colloid
embryonal
135
(colloid/embryonal/fetal/hurthle cell) adenoma. regular pattern of small follicles
fetal
136
(colloid/embryonal/fetal/hurthle cell) adenoma. cells with small, regular nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm
Hurthle
137
papillary (carcinoma/adenoma) of the thyroid
carcinoma (pale tan mass with foci of cystic change)
138
papillary (carcinoma/adenoma) of the thyroid. clacospherite aka psammoma body is evident
carcinoma
139
(papillary/follicular) carcinoma of the thyroid
follicular
140
(papillary/medullary/follicular) carcinoma of the thyroid
medullary
141
(papillary/medullary/follicular) carcinoma of the thyroid. nests of polygonal cells embedded in a collagenous framework
medullary
142
(papillary/medullary/follicular) carcinoma of the thyroid. congo red stain and polarized light \>\>pale green birefringence of amyloid
medullary
143
(papillary/medullary/follicular/anaplastic) carcinoma of the thyroid
anaplastic
144
(papillary/medullary/follicular/anaplastic) carcinoma of the thyroid. bizarre spindle and giant cells with polyploid nuclei and prominent mitotic activity
anaplastic
145
characteristic short fourth and fifth metacarpal bones in this syndrome
pseudohypoparathyroidism
146
parathyroid (carcinoma/adenoma)
adenoma
147
parathyroid (adenoma/carcinoma). sheets of neoplastic chief cells separated from normal parenchyma by thin capsule
adenoma
148
primary parathyroid (hyper/hypo) plasia
hyper
149
female infant markedly virilized
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
150
7 week old male died of severe salt wasting, both adrenal glands were markedly enlarged
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
151
autoimmune adrenalitis: chronic inflam and fibrosis in the cortex, an island of residual atrophic cortical cells and an intact medulla. what disease?
addison
152
cut surface of an adrenal (carcinoma/adenoma) removed from a patient with Cushings
adrenal adenoma
153
adrenal (adenoma/carcinoma): nests of clear, lipid laden cells
adenoma
154
adrenal (adenoma/carcinoma)
adrenal cortical carcinoma
155
adrenal (adenoma/carcinoma)
adrenal cortical carcinoma
156
what kind of adrenal tumor?
pheochromocytoma
157
what kind of adrenal tumor? polyhedral tumor cells with ample finely granular cytoplasm, with enlarged hyperchromatic nuclei
pheochromocytoma
158
what kind of adrenal tumor? IHC staining for chromogranin
pheochromocytoma
159
(pheochromocytoma/neuroblastoma) in a child
neuroblastoma
160
(pheochromocytoma/neuroblastoma) in a child
neuroblastoma
161
(ganglioneuroma/pineocytoma)
pineocytoma
162
(ganglioneuroma/pineocytoma)
ganglioneuroma
