POM

Question 1

(soft/hard) risk factor for CAD: triglycerides

Answer 1

soft

Question 2

(soft/hard) risk factor for CAD: LDL

Answer 2

hard

Question 3

what kind of diet would you recommend to someone with CAD

Answer 3

Mediterranean

Question 4

Framingham risk calculator tells you your risk of what

Answer 4

heart attack or dying from heart disease in ten years

Question 5

statins are metabolized by what system

Answer 5

CYP450, higher risk of myalgia

Question 6

don’t forget to check ____ (hormone) levels if cholesterol is high

Answer 6

TSH

Question 7

MC presentation of renal cysts/benign tumors

Answer 7

asymptomatic

Question 8

oncocytoma (central scar appearance on CT)–how are they usually found?

Answer 8

incidental finding on CT, benign

Question 9

pyruria (is/is not) sufficient to diagnose UTI

Answer 9

not. need culture

Question 10

MCC of bladder SCC in US

Answer 10

chronic foley catheter

Question 11

MCC of bladder SCC in Africa/Asia

Answer 11

Schistosomiasis infection

Question 12

how do you determine if someone has HTN?

Answer 12

take BP twice during visit, and 3x at least a week apart

Question 13

three types of meds that cause HTN

Answer 13

NSAIDs, OCPs, antidepressants

Question 14

MCC of secondary HTN

Answer 14

renovascular disease

Question 15

prehypertension ranges

Answer 15

120-139/80-89

Question 16

worse prognosis: (oliguric/non oliguric) renal failure

Answer 16

oliguric

Question 17

all oliguria is considered _____ (type/cause) until proven otherwise

Answer 17

obstructive

Question 18

what test is critical in the work up of renal failure

Answer 18

carefully done UA

Question 19

quantitative test to assess volume status

Answer 19

orthostatic BP

Question 20

how does the kidney determine volume status

Answer 20

Na levels

Question 21

once a statin is started, how should you monitor LDL levels

Answer 21

you don’t need to monitor once started

Question 22

Framingham Risk Calculator does not apply to:

Answer 22

high risk individuals

Question 23

Which patients should be evaluated for secondary HTN (4)

Answer 23

1. Age:

Question 24

Clinical clues for secondary HTN point to which diseases (5)

Answer 24

1. Renovascular disease
2. Hyperaldosteronism
3. Pheochromocytoma
4. Cushing’s Disease
5. Aortic coarctation

Question 25

current state of HTN treatment outcomes: what percentage of patients are at their goal BP?

Answer 25

50%

Question 26

criteria for screening for diabetes

Answer 26

Test all adults > 45 yrs and any overweight/obese adults (BMI ≥25 kg/m2; Asians BMI > 23 kg/m2) with one or more additional risk factors and repeat at least every 3 yrs.

Question 27

diabetes risk factors (a ton)

Answer 27

Physical inactivity, first-degree relative with diabetes, high-risk race/ethnicity (e.g., AfricanAmerican, Latino, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander), women who delivered a baby weighing >9 lb or were diagnosed with GDM, hypertension (≥140/90 mm Hg or on therapy for hypertension), HDL cholesterol level 250 mg/dL, women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), A1C ≥5.7%, IGT, or IFG on previous testing, other conditions associated with insulin resistance (e.g., severe obesity, acanthosis nigricans), history of cardiovascular disease

Question 28

confirmed HTN, first line tx (two drug classes)

Answer 28

ARB, ACEi