Micro Flashcards
(336 cards)
Name the organism that causes a pneumonia with: typically upper lobar consolidation; currant jelly sputum; frequent in alcoholics; gram (-), oxidase (-); Bacillus
Klebsiella pneumonia
Give the phylogeny of Klebsiella pneumonia.
Gram negative, oxidase negative bacillus
member of the Enterobacteriacae
Name the organism that causes: coughing and choking spells; Posttussive emesis; CBC shows leukocytosis with high % lymphocytes; encapsulated, gram negative
Bordatella pertussis
Culture Bordatella pertussis on:
Blood agar
Whooping cough (Bordatella pertussis) also causes:
Hypoglycemia; Lymphocytosis; Blockade of immune effector cells; Increased histamine sensitivity
***ADP ribosylates Gi and inhibits it –> cAMP rises
Severe infection in immunocompromised persons consisting of bloody stool and spherical cysts in the stool with up to four nuclei is caused by:
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica has what ROT?
Fecal-oral
What organism has nuclei with sharp karyosome and fine chromatin spokes?
Entamoeba histolytica
Give the organism:
Severe watery diarrhea in the immunocompromised population; intracellular spheres or arc-spahed merozoites under normal mucosa; Stool cysts are acid-fast and very small (oocysts)
Cryptosporidium Parvum
Infects brush border of the intestine - direct killing of brush border cells
Give the organism: Self-limiting diarrhea that can last weeks to months; Mostly tropical; Stool borne cysts are large and assymetrical (almond-shaped)
Isospora belli
LFA-1, expressed on the surface of WBCs, interacts with ____ to promote the arrest of WBCs on the surface of the endothelium, where they can travel to inflammation sites.
ICAM-1
LFA-1, expressed on the surface of WBCs, interacts with ____ to promote the arrest of WBCs on the surface of the endothelium, where they can travel to inflammation sites.
ICAM-1
CR3 is an integrin that binds to:
fibrinogen, ICAM-1 and iC3b encourages phagocytosis
Name the organism: Gram positive, gamma hemolytic cocci; vancomycin-resistant; grow in high salt environment;
VRE - Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
ie Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis
Name the organism: Common in burn victims, catheterized patients, CF patients; gram negative, encapsulated oxidase positive; Bacillus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
How does Pseudomonas aeruginosa resist aminoglycosides?
Enzymatically inactivate the drug via acetylation
Name the dx: Malformation of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches leading to thymic aplasia; cardiac anomalies
DiGeorge syndrome lack of mature T- cells lots of fungal infections
DiGeorge syndrome involves what genetic anomaly?
22q11 microdeletion
What accounts for the hypocalcemia seen in DiGeorge syndrome?
Lack of parathyroid glands
Rheumatic fever is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type II (aka cytotoxic) IgG and IgM;
Autoantibodies bind antigens on tissues Strep pyogenes
What is the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever?
Infection with group A strep (Strep pyogenes) –> GAS incited antistreptococcal antibodies which cross-react with antigens of heart, dermis, joints etc.
Valvular heart disease is a common permanent complication.
Give the dx:
Pancarditis; Arthritis; Subcutaneous nodules; Chorea; Erythema marginatum
Rheumatic fever
Group A strep - Strep pyogenes
F+ to F- conjugation conferring antibiotic resistance is especially common in what kinds of bacteria?
Gram negative bacilli
Staph aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are known to confer antibiotic resistance through what mechanism?
Transduction generalized - lytic phage specialized - temperate phage