Micro and Immunology

Question 1

Gram negative stains which color?

Answer 1

Red

Question 2

Different gram stains are a result of differences in what?

Answer 2

Cell walls

Question 3

A gram positive cell wall contains what?

Answer 3

Teichoic acid

Question 4

A gram negative cell wall contains what?

Answer 4

Murein lipoprotein

Question 5

In order for most non-mobile microorganisms to invade tissue, the bacteria need to be able to make a specific enzyme known as ___________ which is necessary for invading tissue during spread of infection.

Answer 5

Hyaluronidase

Question 6

All streptococcus are ________________ negative.

Answer 6

Catalase

Question 7

Which group of strep completely lyse RBC’s?

Answer 7

Beta-hemolytic

Question 8

Which group of strep partially lyse RBC’s?

Answer 8

Alpha-hemolytic

Question 9

Which group of strep are unable to lyse RBC’s?

Answer 9

Gamma-hemolytic

Question 10

The hemolytic ability of beta strep is due to production of?

Answer 10

Hemolysins

Question 11

Beta strep is arranged in groups of A-U known as?

Answer 11

Lancefield groups

Question 12

An inflammatory disease that may develop after an infection with strep bacteria (I.e. Strep throat or scarlet fever) and can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain is called?

Answer 12

Rheumatic fever

Question 13

The causative organism for scarlet fever and rheumatic fever is?

Answer 13

Streptococcus

Question 14

Gram positive stains which color?

Answer 14

Blue

Question 15

which group of Streptococcus is the normal inhabitant of the nasopharynx and gingival crevices?

Answer 15

viridans group

Question 16

Is strep mutans associated with periodontal disease?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

List the 3 most common viridans organisms

Answer 17

1. S. mutans 2. S. sobrinus 3. S. salivarius

Question 18

which common strep viridan is associated with the tongue?

Answer 18

S. salivarius

Question 19

Which GROUP of Streptococcus is among the most common aerobic organism implicated in facial cellulitis?

Answer 19

viridans

Question 20

What is the causative organism for anthrax and food poisoning?

Answer 20

Bacillus

Question 21

What is the causative agent for tetanus, botulism, gangrene, food poisoning, and antibiotic resistant pseudomembranous colitis?

Answer 21

Clostridium

Question 22

What is the causative agent for diptheria?

Answer 22

Corynebacterium

Question 23

Name the causative agent for meningitis and sepsis?

Answer 23

Listeria

Question 24

Name the causative agent for syphilis, teponemtosies, Lyme disease and leptosporosis? (Found in association with NUP/NUG.)

Answer 24

Spirochetes

Question 25

What is associated with advanced carious lesions deep in enamel and are aciduric?

Answer 25

Lactobacillus

Question 26

List the 3 enzymes that bacteria posses to break down oxygen products:

Answer 26

1. Catalase 2. Peroxidase 3. Superoxide dismutase

Question 27

Which enzyme(s) breaks down hydrogen peroxide?

Answer 27

catalase and peroxidase

Question 28

which enzyme breaks down superoxide radical?

Answer 28

Superoxide dismutase

Question 29

List 4 examples of obligate aerobes

Answer 29

1. Neisseria 2. Pseudomonas 3. Legionella 4. Mycobacterium

Question 30

Name the bacterial category that is aerobic, uses oxygen and can grow in the absence of oxygen by using fermentation.

Answer 30

Facultative anaerobes

Question 31

List 3 examples of facultative anaerobes

Answer 31

1. Staphylococcus 2. Listeria 3. Actinomyces

Question 32

Which category of bacteria are known as "aeorotolerant anaerobes"?

Answer 32

Microaerophilic bacteria

Question 33

Which category of bacteria hate oxygen?

Answer 33

obligate anaerobes

Question 34

List 2 examples of obligate anaerobes

Answer 34

1. Prevotella | 2. Porphyromonas gingivalis

Question 35

Which microbe is most often associated with hormonal (pregnancy) gingivitis, facial cellulitis and NUP/NUG?

Answer 35

Prevotella

Question 36

Which microbe produces collagenase?

Answer 36

porphyromonas gingivalis

Question 37

What is used topically to treat oral candidiasis?

Answer 37

Nystatin

Question 38

What is used systematically to treat oral candidiasis?

Answer 38

Fluconazole

Question 39

which virus is the causative organism for Epstein-Barr virus?

Answer 39

herpes virus

Question 40

Which virus is the causative organism for infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 40

Epstein-Barr virus

Question 41

which virus is the causative organism for herpangina?

Answer 41

Coxsackie virus

Question 42

Which cells are associated with Cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 42

T-cells

Question 43

Which cells are associated with antibody-mediated or Humoral immunity?

Answer 43

B-cells

Question 44

Which cells regulate antibody production?

Answer 44

T-cells

Question 45

Which cells differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies?

Answer 45

B-cells

Question 46

which cells are antigen presenting cells?

Answer 46

B-cells

Question 47

Which cells are responsible for transporting and processing antigens?

Answer 47

Macrophages

Question 48

Which cells kill virus and tumor infected cells?

Answer 48

Natural killer cells

Question 49

Which cells are the key regulators of the immune system?

Answer 49

Dendritic cells

Question 50

Which imunoglobulin is the only antibody to cross the placenta and is capable of activating the classical antibody complement pathway?

Answer 50

IgG

Question 51

Which imunoglobulin is the largest antibody and is most efficient in agglutination ("clumping")?

Answer 51

IgM

Question 52

Which imunoglobulin is the main imunoglobulin in secretions (saliva)?

Answer 52

IgA

Question 53

Which imunoglobulin mediates anaphylactic hypersensitivity by binding to mast cells and basophils?

Answer 53

IgE

Question 54

List the 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 54

1. Anaphylactic (Immediate) 2. Cytotoxic (ex. Rh and transfusion reactions) 3. Immune Complex (ex. tissue destruction) 4. Delayed (ex. TB skin test)

Question 55

Movement of cells to the site of inflammation is known as?

Answer 55

chemotaxis

Question 56

Name the primary cell in the periodontal ligament?

Answer 56

fibroblasts