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MEDL 200 > micro & histo & cyto > Flashcards

micro & histo & cyto Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

what fixative is fresh tissue received in?

A

10% v/v neutral buffered formalin

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2
Q

sterilization by steam autoclaves

A

moist heat, boiling, steam under pressure

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3
Q

steam under pressure calculations (PSI, time and pounds)

A

15 pounds for 15 minutes at PSI for 121 degrees

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4
Q

spores and how to kill

A

grow in good environment
to kill use autoclave heat underpressure

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5
Q

penetration

A

steam condenses to smaller volume of water, drawing in more steam

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6
Q

sterilization

A

latent heat of condensation is released, heat and moisture is protein coagulation

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7
Q

autoclave QC

A

autoclave tape
temperature and time recordings
biological controls (spore strips)

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8
Q

spore strips

A

12-15 mins for 121 degrees moist heat
2 strips in autoclave and 1 outside for positive control
+ control=growth 2 2 autoclaved ones=no growth

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9
Q

non selective media

A

BAP & CHOC

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10
Q

selective media

A

MAC & HEK

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11
Q

different bacteria require different atmospheres: they include?

A

O2, CO2, AnO2, microaerophilic

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12
Q

CO2 incubation

A

candle jar and CO2 incubator

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13
Q

anaerobic incubation

A

anaerobic jar & anaerobic cabinets

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14
Q

gram positive bacteria =

A

stains purple, blue, black

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15
Q

gram negative bacteria =

A

stain pink or red

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16
Q

protozoa

A

unicellular, mostly found in the intestine

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17
Q

metazoa

A

intestinal worms

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18
Q

giardia lamblia trophozoite

A

produces spores, transmitted through contaminated food/water

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19
Q

trichomonas

A

affects epithelial cells of both genders
unicellular and transmitted sexually

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20
Q

pin worm

A

itchy, at night the females move out of the anus and deposit eggs
(eggs = itchy)

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21
Q

ascaris & tapeworm

A

stool examination macroscopically (naked eye) prior to concentration

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22
Q

stool preservative system 1
(how many vials and what’s in each)

A

2 vials
vial I- 5-10% formalin, preserves cysts and ova only
vial II- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) preserves cysts and protozoa

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23
Q

stool preservative system 2
(how many vials and what’s in each vial)

A

1 vial
sodium acetate formalin, preserves protozoa & cysts
(most convenient)

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24
Q

histology is

A

the study of tissues

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25
what is the order of processing tissues
gross dissection tissue processing embedding sectioning staining
26
why is tissue processing so important
without it tissues would be too soft and fragile to work with
27
first step in processing and how it works
fixation: formalin, prevents tissues from dying and rotting
28
second step of processing and how it works
dehydration: alcohols (70%,80%,90%,100%), it removes water from the tissues soaking tissues through the series of alcohols, graded with increasing concentrations.
29
third step of processing and how it works
clearing: xylene (removes alcohol) alcohol and paraffin (next step) aren’t miscible (don’t mix). clearing makes the tissue transparent
30
fourth step of processing and how it works
infiltration: paraffin wax. infiltrated between cells making tissues ready for embedding they are melted at 69 degrees, then let wax cool
31
who does the process of gross dissection
pathologists or MLTs
32
after filtration what do you do?
run cleaning cycle (do the opposite of what processing was) (purge cycle)
33
what is the purge cycle
tissue chamber is flood with xylene to clean out wax alcohol to clean out xylene water to clean out alcohol
34
what is after processing and what is it
embedding: place tissue into mold. fill the mold with paraffin wax, place lid on top (accn#), allow to cool
35
what is the process after embedding and what is it
sectioning: cut 3-5 micrometer on a microtome, floated in warm water to remove wrinkles, picked up on glass slides.
36
what happens after sectioning? and what is the process
staining: H&E stain after stained slide must be cover-slipped to preserve stained sections the mounting media used not miscible with water or alcohol
37
what stain is used for histology and what colours does it stain what
hematoxylin & eosin stain stains nuclei blue and stains cytoplasm pink or red
38
frozen sections are called? and are used for ***
cryosections and used for rapid diagnosis
39
frozen sections process
tissues stored at -20–30 degrees embedded with OCT not paraffin sectioned and stained with rapid H&E stain
40
what are frozen sections embedded with?
OCT not paraffin
41
decalcification
bone tissue is treated with acid or EDTA to remove calcium deposits
42
cytology is the
study of structures of cells and changes that occur in malignant cells
43
gynaecological specimens are kept for how long
normal slide is kept for 5 years and abnormal slides are kept for 30 years
44
non gynaecological specimens
stained in papaanucolaou and original containers kept for 1 week
45
what stain is cytology specimens stained in
papanicolaou stain
46
papanicolaou stain what colour does it change things
hematoxylin is used to stain nuclei cytoplasm of cells is stained with a combination of other dyes such as: orange G, fast green, and eosin
47
papanicolaou stain what colour does it change things
hematoxylin is used to stain nuclei cytoplasm of cells is stained with a combination of other dyes such as: orange G, fast green, and eosin
48
most prepared media is stored at *** and must be protected from ***
4 degrees and protected from dehydration
49
egg based media may be used to grow?
tubercle bacilli
50
steam autoclave temperature and pressure?
15 pounds of pressure (psi) at 121 degrees
51
aseptic technique ensures that
the specimen is not contaminated and that potential pathogens in the specimen don’t contaminate the environment
52
microbiology specimens should be transported *** and if there is a delay the specimen should be…
immediately and if delay specimen should be refrigerated
53
CSF is always *** and should never be *** or ***
STAT and should never be delayed or refrigerated
54
what is the most critical step of gram stain?
decolourizer
55
dermatophytes are
group of related multicellular fungi that attack keratin containing structures like hair, skin and nails
56
candida albicans is
a colony forming yeast
57
trichomonas vaginosis is
a parasite that infects epithelial cells of the vagina and the urethra of both genders
58
stool for ova and parasites investigation are collected in…
a preservative solution to prevent disintegration of the microscopic forms.
59
histology specimens are given a specific histology accession number? t or f
true
60
preparing tissue for microscopic examination order
gross dissection tissue processing (4 steps) embedding sectioning
61
which media differentiates lactose fermenting species
MAC
62
transport media prevents bacterial overgrowth? t of f
true
63
what is the main nutrient source in most media?
peptone
64
autoclaves use dry heat? f or t
false
65
what is the purpose of buffers in media
maintain pH
66
choc agar uses lysed blood? t or f
true
67
what is the main purpose of antibiotics in media?
inhibit microbes
68
true or false: sterilization requires both heat and moisture
true
69
histology specimens are stained with?
H&E
70
cytology specimens are stained with?
papanicolaou stain
71
stool is washed with *** before preparing the slide for staining
saline
72
steps to processing tissue
fixation, dehydration, clearing, and infiltration
73
steps to processing tissues for examination
dissection, processing, embedding and sectioning and staining

MEDL 200 (3 decks)

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