Micro/immuno HPR Flashcards
(182 cards)
1
Q
CMV infects 1) first
A
vascular endothelial cells and leukocytes
2
Q
HYPOCALCEMIA
A
DIGEORGE
3
Q
ATM gene on Chromosome 11 mutation
A
Ataxia Telangiectasia:
4
Q
Recipient T-cell with Recipient T-cell receptor DONOR DC with DONOR MHC Both interact with DONOR antigen
A
Direct allorecognition
5
Q
Aedes aegypti
A
Dengue
6
Q
Diagnosis: impaired integrin activation
A
LADIII (rare)
7
Q
donor CD8+ t-cells recognize the MHC I, resulting in the use of granzyme and perforin to cause apoptosis -> result in cell death and recipient tissue cell damage.
A
GVHD
8
Q
CMV in Bone marrow transplants
A
interstitial pneumonia
9
Q
LOSS of natural killer cells
A
Ebola
10
Q
Dengue: monocyte or dendritic cell produce 1) leading to DIC
A
IL-12, IL-8, and IL-1beta
11
Q
In CGD, Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test will be 1) indicating that 2)
A
1) NEGATIVE 2) ROS are not being made by neutrophils
12
Q
absence or defect in beta 2-integrin (CD18) family
A
LADI
13
Q
Endemic in Southern China
A
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
14
Q
EBV diagnosis:
A
atypical lymphocytes and heterophile Abs
15
Q
CGD pts at inc. risk for:
A
Catalase + organisms (s. aureus, Serratia mercescens) Burkholderia cepcacia Aspergillus fumigatus
16
Q
enzymes and proteins that are required immediately for viral replication.
A
Tegument in EBV
17
Q
absence of CD18 and the associated alpha subunits
A
LADI
18
Q
CMV Neonatal infections at or shortly after birth
A
NO adverse outcomes
19
Q
used for heterophile Ab negative abs
A
Serologic test (CMV)
20
Q
Recipient T-cell with T-cell receptor Recipient DC with Recipient MHC these interact with DONOR antigen
A
Indirect allorecognition
21
Q
Autosomal recessive
A
LAD Ataxia Telangiectasia
22
Q
periodontitis–> gum infection
A
LAD1
23
Q
CVID treatment
A
IV Immunoglobulin
24
Q
B-cell infected
A
EBV
25
Fetal damage most likely in 1st trimester
CMV
26
Sinopulmonary infection
DIGEORGE Ataxia Telangiectasia
27
inhibit anti-viral interferons as well as the increased production of TNFalpha, IL-6 and tissue factor,
Ebola
28
Occurs \>50% of long-term survivors of HLA-identical sibling transplants
Chronic GVHD
29
defective activation of all beta–integrins; not just the CD18 family
LADIII (rare)
30
direct vs. indirect allorecognition
Indirect--\> Recipient DC and Recipient MHC Direct--\> Donor DC and Donor MHC
31
HYPOgammablobulinemia
CVID
32
Transmission: Ingestion or inhalation of infected rat urine or feces
Lassa Fever
33
all viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers
enveloped; ssRNA
34
EBV enters B cells by binding to
CR2
35
eterophile antibody negative mononucelosis syndrome)
CMV
36
Defective in both cell-mediate and humoral immunity; B-cell and T-cell deficiency
SCID
37
Infection occurs in a monocyte or dendritic cell.
all Hemorrhagic fevers
38
human platelet antigen 3
minor histocompatibility antigen; causes GVHD if HLA matches
39
Adults 30-60 years of age;
CMV
40
Arenaviridae family
Lassa Fever
41
latency in CMV where? significance?
in monocytes; means it may be transmitted in transplant
42
Reduced IgA
Ataxia Telangiectasia:
43
Autologous best source of HSC
Blood
44
Occurs \>50% of long‐term survivors of HLA‐identical sibling transplants (allogeneic transplantations).
Chronic GVHD
45
Previous splenectomy inc. risk of
Chronic GVHD
46
Bombay blood group
LADII (rare)
47
T-cell deficient
DiGeorge Syndrome
48
tropic for B-cells and epithelial cells
EBV
49
Latent infection --\>transfusion and organ donation transmission
CMV
50
EBV lytic infection
(virus is shed to infect other B-cells;
51
CMV in immunocompetent
asymptomatic
52
degranulation of neutrophils, that leads to inflammation
Ebola
53
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) diagnosis:
Dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) test Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test
54
fever (greater than 38.6°C), severe headache; unexplained hemorrhage
Ebola
55
deafness
Lassa Fever
56
nfection of adrenal cortical cells results in hypotension and metabolic disorders
Marburg
57
Delayed separation of umbilical cord; leads to bleeding
LAD III
58
hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, anemia, thrombocytopenia, low birth weight, microcephaly, chorioretinitis.
CMV in infants
59
Impaired phagocytic killing mechanisms of neutrophils and macrophages
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)
60
CD34+Thy-1+
HSC) specific markers
61
severely mentally retarded; short in stature and some facial anomalies
LAD2
62
EBV persistent infection due to:
resting B-cells that harbor the virus
63
Treatment: fucose supplementation
LADII (rare)
64
African Burkitt Lymphoma: Screening for increased1) and early EBV Ags
1) IgA to VCA
65
treatment using IgG from serum of previously recovered
Ebola
66
lichen planus or scleroderma, dry oral mucosa with ulcerations
Chronic GVHD s/s
67
bleeding gums, nose and eyes
Dengue
68
tropics and subtropics
Dengue
69
x-linked inheritance
CGD Wiskott-Aldrich
70
high IgA and IgE low to normal IgG and IgM
Wiskott-Aldrich
71
β-herpesvirus subfamily
CMV
72
CMV diagnosis in immunoCOMPETENT: immunocompromised?
Immunocompetent: Seroconversion and IgM presence; Immunocompromised: Viral antigen/DNA in blood; inclusions or viral Ag in diseased tissue
73
no pus formation --\>impaired wound healing.
LAD1
74
MHC I vs MHC II
MHC on all nucleated cells MCH II on immune cells
75
VERY LOW IgG; low IgA
CVID
76
affects the sticking process of neutrophils 1) affects the rolling process (selectins) 2) affects the activation process 3)
1) LAD1 2) LAD2 3) LAD3
77
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome pneumonic: WATER
water: Wiskott Aldrich Thrombocytopenic purpura Eczema; Recurrent infection
78
BATS
Ebola
79
CMV: Viral antigen/DNA in blood; inclusions or viral Ag in diseased tissue
this is CMV in immunoCOMPROMISED
80
Lack of a NADPH oxidase
(CGD
81
polyclonal B cell activation and proliferation.
EBV:
82
Low CD3+ T cells
DiGeorge Syndrome
83
IL-2 receptor abnormality; gamma receptor implicated
SCID
84
22q11.2
DiGeorge Syndrome diagnosis:
85
monocytes producing IL-12, IL1-beta and IL8 thus DIC
Dengue
86
Adenosine deaminase deficiency
SCID
87
Less intensive RECIPIENT chemotherapy before transplantation of allogeneic stem cells
Non-myeloablative HSC transplant
88
class I myosin family member
minor histocompatibility antigens; recipient and donor are matched for MHC antigens, these can cause GVHD
89
Nairovirus
Crimean-Congo
90
G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-3, thrombopoietin and CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100)
Blood: Source for Autologous transplants; HSC is mobilized
91
Reservoir = African fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus
Marburg
92
Diagnosis: bleeding complications from birth
LADIII (rare)
93
Pneumocystis jiroveci
causes acute interstitial pneumonitis; seen in SCID pts
94
In GVHD, principal antigenic targets of graft T cells are 1) if they differ • If graft is matched at MHC, 2) underlie GVHD
1) host MHC molecules 2) minor histocompatibility antigens
95
Affects teenagers and young adults
EBV
96
petechiae on the palate
Crimean-Congo
97
absence of fucosylated carbohydrate ligands for selectins
LADII (rare)
98
Mobilized 1) are superior for autologous transplants
1) PBPCs (peripheral blood progenitor cells)
99
Hyalomma tick reservoir and vector.
Crimean-Congo
100
(+) sense, ssRNA
Flaviridae family causing Denge
101
virus infecting monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer cells.
Ebola
102
capacity to limit proliferation of EBV-infected B-cells; immunoCOMPROMISED pts dont have it
Memory T-Cells
103
CMV in immunocompromised
primary infection and reactivation symptomatic
104
lack of viral response bc no antivirals
Ebola and Marburg
105
Filoviridae family
Ebola and Marburg
106
human platelet antigen 3
minor histocompatibility antigens; recipient and donor are matched for MHC antigens, these can cause GVHD
107
Clinical Features of Mono. syndromes:
Fever and reactive lymphocytes
108
Cerebellar Ataxia
Ataxia Telangiectasia:
109
higher risk of relapse for leukemias and lymphomas
Identical Twin:
110
allogeneic best soruce of HSC
Best Source: Bone marrow
111
SMALL THYMUS
DIGEORGE
112
GVHD pathogenesis: Stress causes 1) to mature; Recipient mature DC present antigen to 2) 2) becomes T helper cell which activates 3) Result--\> Recipient tissue damage aka GVHD
1) RECIPIENT DC 2) DONOR CD4+; 3) DONOR CD8+ T-cells;
113
(-)sense ssRNA genome.
all but Dengue
114
Heterophile antibodies --\>1) against antigens on sheep and horse RBCs
1) IgM antibodies
115
what is one clinical use of allorecognition?
Graft-Versus-Tumor Effect--\> the cells that may not have been killed off w/ chemotherapy and radiation are killed off by graft cells
116
CMV seropositivity inc. risk of:
Chronic GVHD
117
fever progresses to severe bruising, severe nosebleeds, and uncontrolled bleeding at INJECTION SITES
Crimean-Congo
118
polymorphism of PECAM
minor histocompatibility antigens; recipient and donor are matched for MHC antigens, these can cause GVHD
119
Vector = Mastomys natalensis rat
Lassa Fever
120
Progresses to jaundice, severe weight loss, delirium
Marburg
121
West Africa including Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and Nigeria
Lassa Fever
122
blood of infected animal (bats) or bushmeat.
Ebola
123
CMV in AIDS patients EBV?
CMV--\>chorioretinitis, gastroenteritis, and neurologic disorders EBV--\>Hairy leukoplakia; Interstitial lymphocytic pneumonia;Lymphoma
124
infects macrophages
CMV (monocytes cause the latency seen in CMV)
125
activation of natural killer cells which produce IFN-gamma
Dengue
126
Nuclear inclusions (owl eye
CMV
127
facial swelling,
Lassa Fever
128
Tonsils: reddening, swelling and white patches
Mononucleosis Syndrome
129
Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.
Dengue
130
perinuclear cytoplasmic inclusions
CMV
131
Mono: etiologic agent
Epstein-Barr virus
132
Maculopapular rash on the trunk
Marburg
133
Low immunoglobulin due to impaired B-cell differentiation;
Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorder (CVID)
134
Graft-Versus-Tumor Effect pathogenesis: 2) interacts with a dendritic cells and releases 1) --\> leads to apoptosis of the tumor cell.
2) T-cell 1) granzyme and perforin (CD8+)
135
EBV: Initially infects 1) then 2);
1) epithelial cells 2) B cells
136
EBV: Tegument (protein-filled region) surrounds the 1)
1) nucleocapsid
137
virus infects dendritic cells, macrophages, hepatocytes and adrenal cortical cells
Marburg
138
most important in initiation of GVHD
HLA-A, B, and DR; these have to be a match
139
member of Bunyaviridae family
Crimean-Congo
140
Acute GVHD vs. chronic time period
acute--\>First 100 days post-transplant chronic--\>After 100 days post-transplant
141
red eyes, flushed face, and red throat.
Crimean-Congo
142
autoimmune disorders and lymphoma
CVID
143
Plasmodium:
Reproduce 1) in RBCs of vertebrate host;
Reproduce 2) in gut of mosquito
1) Asexually
2) sexually
144
Malaria transmitted by:
Anopheles mosquitoes
145
Brownish-black pigment = hemozoin
helps ID RBCs in malaria;
146
Morphology of infected RBC:
fimbriated
P. ovale
147
P. malariae
Trophozoites seen as: 1)
Mereozoites seen as: 2)
1) band forms
2) rosettes around central pigment
148
Rings = very small and may contain 2 chromatin dots
P. falciparum
149
Gametocytes = large, banana-shaped;
Parasites lying along margin of cell
P. falciparum
150
Trophozoites = band forms
P. malariae
151
P. vivax and P. ovale invades what subpopulation of RBCs?
immature cells/reticulocytes
152
P. malariae invades what subpopulation of RBCs?
senescent cells
153
Schuffner’s dots/granulocytes in RBCs
P. vivax
P. ovale
154
Trophozoites are band forms;
merozoites are rosettes
P. malariae
155
irregular in shape and is fimbriated
P. ovale
156
How does malaria induce damage?
Changes the RBC membrane;
157
P. falciparum binds to what type of antigen?
glycoprotein A; found on all RBCs, which is why P. falciparum does not discriminate subpopulation of RBCs
158
Malaria Affected by RBC abnormalities
Hemoglobin S associated with sickle cell;
Thalassemias;
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencies
159
how does P. falciparum cause microinfarcts?
produces a high molecular weight adhesive protein that binds receptors on endothelium leading to obstruction and microinfarcts
160
Pathogenesis of Fever in malaria;
macrophages release:
IL-1 and/or TNF-α
161
Fever early in malaria vs later
early--\> irregular fever;
Later--\> fever at 48 hr intervals
162
Cytokines in malaria:
High concentrations of TNF-α precipitate 1) by increasing sequesteration of parasitized RBCs in the 2)
1) cerebral malaria
2) cerebral vascular endothelium
163
Initial immune response to malaria:
premunition--\>Initial immune response limits parasite multiplication, but does not eliminate infection
164
malarial paroxysm;
Cold stage for 20-60 minutes;
Hot stage for 3-8 hours due to vasodilation;
Wet stage = decrease in fever and profuse sweating
165
Life-cycle stages and the immune response:
Sporozoite stage
antibodies
166
Life-cycle stages and the immune response:
## Footnote
Liver stage
Cytotoxic T-cells and inflammatory cytokines (TNF, INF-alpha, and IL-1)
167
Life-cycle stages and the immune response
Asexual erythrocyte stage
antiboides
ROS
TNF alpha
168
Splanchnic capillaries involved --\>vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea w/ or w/o bloody stools.
complication of malaria
169
detects protein excreted by P. falciparum
ParaSight F
170
Distinguishes between P. falciparum and P. vivax
OptiMAL Card antigen detection tests
171
detects parasite lactate dehydrogenase
OptiMAL Card antigen detection tests
172
Babesia microti Transmission
bite of Ixodes tick
173
which pts do Babesia affect more severely
asplenic patients
174
Babesia microti Often co-infection with 1)
1) Borrelia burgdorferi
175
Diagnosis of Babesia:
Maltese cross formation – tetrad of protozoa
176
Intraerythrocytic ring-shaped parasites on Giemsa-stained blood smears
Giemsa-stained blood smears of Babesia appearance
177
ID types of hookworms that cause anemia
Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale
178
Epigastric pain and abnormal peristalsis;
Pruritus at site of skin penetration
Manifestations of hookworm:
179
Leishmania donovani
i. Parasitology
Obligate intracellular, flagellated parasite
180
Leishmania donovani Transmitted:
by phlebotomine sandflies
181
Transmitted by Lutzomyia verrucarum (phlebotomine sandfly)
Bartonella bacilliformi
Leishmania donovani
182
Red, hemangioma-like, cutaneous vascular lesions
Verruga peruana (chronic phase of infection) by Bartonella bacilliformis:
