MICRO MIDTERM

Question 1

a programmable machine that processes binary data. It is traditionally represented by five
components: CPU, ALU plus control unit, memory, in- put, and output.

Answer 1

Digital Computer

Question 2

The group of circuits that processes data and provides control signals and
timing. It includes the arithmetic/logic unit, registers, instruction decoder, and the control unit.

Answer 2

CPU

Question 3

CPU MEANS

Answer 3

central processing unit

Question 4

the group of circuits that performs arithmetic and logic operations.

Answer 4

ALU

Question 5

the group of circuits that provides timing and signals to all operations in the computer and controls
data flow.

Answer 5

Control unit

Question 6

a medium that stores binary information (instructions and data). Input a device that transfers
information from the outside world to the computer. Output-a device that transfers information from the
computer to the outside world.

Answer 6

Memory

Question 7

the process of designing a few circuits on a single chip. The term refers to the
technology used to fabricate discrete logic gates on a chip.

Answer 7

SSI (small-scale integration)

Question 8

the process of designing more than a hundred gates on a single chip

Answer 8

MSI (medium-scale integration)

Question 9

– the process of designing more than a thousand gates on a single chip.

Answer 9

LSI (large-scale integration)

Question 10

VLSI means

Answer 10

(very-large-scale integration)

Question 11

a semiconductor device (integrated circuit) manufactured by using the LSI technique. It
includes the ALU, register arrays, and control circuits on a single chip.

Answer 11

Microprocessor (MPU)

Question 12

a machine or product that uses a microprocessor to run or execute its
operations. It is represented by three components: microprocessor, memory, and I/O (input/output).

Answer 12

Microprocessor-based product

Question 13

SLSI means

Answer 13

(super-large-scale integration)

Question 14

a device that includes microprocessor, memory, and I/O signal lines on a single chip,
fabricated using VLSI technology.

Answer 14

Microcontroller

Question 15

a computer that is designed using a microprocessor as its CPU. It includes microprocessor,
memory, and I/O (input/output)

Answer 15

Microcomputer

Question 16

a group of lines used to transfer bits between the microprocessor and other components of the computer
system.

Answer 16

Bus

Question 17

see R/Wm.

Answer 17

RAM (Random-Access memory)

Question 18

Ram means

Answer 18

(Random-Access memory)

Question 19

a memory that stores binary information during the operation of the computer.
This memory is used as a writing pad to write user programs and data.

Answer 19

R/WM (Read/Write memory)

Question 20

a memory that stores binary information permanently. The information can be
read from this memory but cannot be altered.

Answer 20

ROM (Read-Only memory)

Question 21

a binary digit, 0 or 1.

Answer 21

Bit

Question 22

a group of eight bits.

Answer 22

Byte

Question 23

a group of bits the computer recognizes and processes at a time.

Answer 23

Word

Question 24

– a command in binary that is recognized and executed by the computer to accomplish a task. Some
instructions are designed with one word, and some require multiple words.

Answer 24

Instruction

Question 25

– a combination of letters to suggest the operation of an instruction.

Answer 25

Mnemonic

Question 26

– a set of instructions written in a specific sequence for the computer to accomplish a given task.

Answer 26

Program

Question 27

– the binary medium of communication with a computer through a designed set of instructions specific to each computer

Answer 27

Machine language

Question 28

A medium of communication with a computer in which programs are written in mnemonics. An ________ is specific to a given computer.

Answer 28

Assembly language

Question 29

– a medium of communication that is machine-dependent or specific to a given computer. Programs written in these languages are not transferable to different types of machines.

Answer 29

Low level Language

Question 30

a medium of communication that is independent of a given computer. Programs are written in English-like words, and they can be executed on a machine using a translator (a compiler or an interpreter).

Answer 30

High-level language

Question 31

– a program written either in mnemonics of an assembly language or in English-like statements of a high-level language (before it is assembled or compiled).

Answer 31

Source code

Question 32

a program that translates English-like words of a high-level language into the machine language of a computer. It reads a given program, called a source code, in its entirety and then translates the program into the machine language, which is called an object code.

Answer 32

Compiler

Question 33

a program that translates the English-like statements of a high-level language into the machine language of a computer. It translates one statement at a time from a source code to an object code.

Answer 33

Interpreter

Question 34

– a computer program that translates an assembly language program from mnemonics to the binary machine code of a computer.

Answer 34

Assembler

Question 35

– a procedure of looking up the machine codes manually from the instruction set of a computer and entering those into the computer through a key- board.

Answer 35

Manual assembly

Question 36

– This is a 7-bit alphanumeric code with 128 combinations. Each combination is assigned to either a letter, decimal digit, a symbol, or a machine command.

Answer 36

(ASCII) American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

Question 37

– an 8-bit code with 256 combinations. The ____ code is extended from seven bits to eight bits to include additional graphic symbols.

Answer 37

Extended ASCII

Question 38

– a set of programs that manages interaction between hardware and software. It is responsible primarily for storing information on disks and for communication between microprocessor, memory, and peripherals.

Answer 38

Operating system

Question 39

– a program that interprets the input from a keyboard and converts the input into its binary equivalent

Answer 39

Monitor program

Question 40

a group of four bits.

Answer 40

Nibbles